Protein agent for diabetes treatment and β cell imaging
The 30 amino acid peptide GLP-1 has been integrated into the stable host protein human calbindin D9k. The fusion protein binds to GLP-1R. The fusion protein agents can be useful for both diabetes treatment and GLP-1R receptor targeting MR imaging. The fusion protein comprises a first peptide that selectively binds to a site of a target cell and linked to a second peptide, where the fusion protein is more stable than the first peptide alone and may further comprise a detectable label. The first peptide of the fusion protein may be glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)(7-36), or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (9-36), or a conservative variant thereof.
1. A fusion protein comprising a first peptide, wherein the first peptide is glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (7-36), or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (9-36) linked to a second peptide, wherein the second peptide is a region of calbindin D9k, and wherein the fusion protein is more stable than the first peptide alone, the second peptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 2), MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPCLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 3), MSTKKSPCELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 4), and MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDDLSKDELKLLIQAEFPCLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 17).
2. The fusion protein of claim 1 , further comprising a detectable label attached thereto.
3. The fusion protein of claim 1 , wherein the fusion protein further comprises at least one polyethylene glycol compound conjugated thereto.
4. A fusion protein comprising a first peptide having the amino acid sequence HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 1) and linked to a second peptide having the amino acid sequence MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 2), and wherein the fusion protein is more stable than the first peptide alone.
5. A method of regulating glucose metabolism in an animal or human cell, comprising: administering to an animal or human cell a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a fusion protein comprising a first peptide, wherein the first peptide is glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (7-36), or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (9-36) linked to a second peptide, wherein the second peptide is a region of calbindin D9k, and wherein the fusion protein is more stable than the first peptide alone, the second peptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 2), MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPCLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 3), MSTKKSPCELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 4), and MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDDLSKDELKLLIQAEFPCLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 17); and whereby the fusion protein selectively binds to a GLP-1 receptor of the cell, thereby regulating the activity of the receptor and glucose metabolism by the cell.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first peptide has the amino acid sequence HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 1), and the second peptide has an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 2), MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPCLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 3), MSTKKSPCELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 4), MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDDLSKDELKLLIQAEFPCLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 17).
7. A method of enhancing imaging contrast, comprising:
(i) delivering to a target cell a pharmaceutically acceptable imaging probe composition comprising a fusion probe, wherein the fusion probe comprises:
a fusion protein comprising a first peptide, wherein the first peptide is glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (7-36), or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (9-36) linked to a second peptide, wherein the second peptide is a region of calbindin D9k, and wherein the fusion protein is more stable than the first peptide alone, the second peptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 2), MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPCLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 3), MSTKKSPCELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 4), and MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDDLSKDELKLLIQAEFPCLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 17); and
a detectable label; and
(ii) detecting a signal from the label, thereby determining the presence of the site of fusion protein binding of the target cell.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first peptide of the fusion protein is glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (9-36) and the second peptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the croup consisting of: MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 2), MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPCLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 3), MSTKKSPCELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 4), and MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDDLSKDELKLLIQAEFPCLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 17).
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first peptide has the amino acid sequence HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 1), and the second peptide has an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 2), MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPCLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 3), MSTKKSPCELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 4), MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDDLSKDELKLLIQAEFPCLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 17).
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first peptide of the fusion protein has the amino acid sequence HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 1), the second peptide has an amino acid sequence MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPSLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 2), and the label is gadolinium (Gd 3+ ), whereby the label is detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and wherein the fusion protein binding site is a GLP-1 receptor of a cell of the pancreas.
11. A fusion protein comprising a first peptide, wherein the first peptide of the fusion protein has the amino acid sequence HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 1), and linked to a second peptide having the amino acid sequence MSTKKSPEELKRIFEKYAAKEGDPDQLSKDELKLLIQAEFPCLLKGPNTLDDLFQELDKNG (SEQ ID NO: 3), and wherein the fusion protein has the amino acid sequence according to (SEQ ID NO: 15).
12. The fusion protein of claim 2 , wherein the detectable label is a gadolinium (Gd 3+ ) ion detectable by magnetic resonance imaging.