Electro-mechanical fuze for a projectile
The present invention describes an electronic fuze ( 200 ) operable to complement a mechanical point impact fuze ( 101 ). The electronic fuze ( 200 ) includes a voltage generator circuit ( 210 ), micro-controller ( 220 ), a piezo-electric sensor ( 262 ), a firing circuit ( 280 ) and a safety lockout circuit ( 290 ). When a projectile ( 50 ) strikes a target at an optimum angle, the mechanical point impact fuze ( 101 ) is activated; when the strike angle is oblique, the mechanical point impact fuze may be ineffective but the piezo-electric sensor ( 262 ) is operable to trigger the firing circuit ( 280 ). The safety lockout circuit ( 290 ) ensures the firing circuit ( 280 ) is operative only after a predetermined delay time when an n-channel FET ( 292 ) is turned OFF. The micro-controller ( 220 ) also generates a TIME-OUT signal, which provides for self-destruction of a projectile that has failed to explode.
1. A fuze for a projectile comprising:
a set-back generator to supply electric power after said fuze is launched;
an impact sensor trigger circuit and a safety lockout circuit coupled to an electronic firing circuit; wherein said impact sensor trigger circuit comprises a piezo-electric sensor; and
an electric detonator being disposed co-axially in-line to actuate a firing pin;
wherein, upon impact of said projectile on a target, said piezo-electric sensor generates and sends a firing signal, depending on said safety lockout circuit, to said electronic firing circuit to set off said electric detonator, and detonation of said electric detonator in turn is operated to actuate said firing pin to set off a stab detonator disposed in said projectile.
2. A fuze according to claim 1 , wherein said firing pin is non-compliant in a forward direction in relation to direction of travel of said projectile to allow said firing pin to set off said stab detonator but is compliant in a rearward direction, so that when said electric detonator is set off, a thrust is generated to actuate said firing pin onto said stab detonator.
3. A fuze according to claim 1 , wherein said safety lockout circuit comprises an n-channel field-effect transistor (PET) whose drain is connected to a gate of a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) and source is connected to ground, such that after said projectile has been propelled through a tactical distance, a voltage pulse Vin generated by said set-back generator decreases to a predetermined low level so that a voltage applied to a gate voltage line of said n-channel FET can no longer hold said n-channel FET in conduction, said n-channel FET becomes turned OFF, and as a result, said safety lockout circuit becomes deactivated and said firing signal is then sent to said gate of said SCR to turn said SCR ON, which in response is operable to set off said electric detonator.
4. A fuze according to claim 3 , further comprising:
a micro-controller, which outputs ARM, piezo enable (or PIEZO_EN) and piezo clear (or PIEZO_CLR) signals according to predetermined clock periods set in said micro-controller.
5. A fuze according to claim 4 , further comprising a spin-loss sensor, which output sets a flag in said micro-controller and outputs a TIME_OUT self destruct signal.
6. A fuze according to claim 4 , wherein said impact sensor trigger circuit comprises a gated D-latch, to which output of said impact sensor trigger circuit is connected to a clock (or CLK) input of said gated D-latch, with said PIEZO_EN being connected to a D input, said PIEZO_CLR signal being connected to a clear (or CLR) input and a PIEZO_TRG is outputted at a Q terminal.
7. A fuze according to claim 6 , wherein said electronic firing circuit comprises an OR gate, wherein said PIEZO_EN signal allows said PIEZO_TRG signal or said TIME_OUT signal to be inputted into said OR gate to generate said firing signal.
8. A fuze according to claim 4 , wherein said ARM signal is connected to said gate voltage line of said n-channel FET.
9. A fuze according to claim 8 , wherein said ARM signal comprises a high-to-low signal.
10. A fuze according to claim 1 , wherein output of said piezo-electric sensor is connected to an non-inverting terminal of a voltage comparator whilst a reference voltage tapped from a voltage divider is connected to an inverting terminal.
11. A fuze according to claim 10 , wherein said micro-controller outputs a digital-to-analogue (DAC) signal, which is operable to drive said reference voltage at said voltage comparator.
12. A fuze according to claim 11 , wherein said DAC signal is time varied from a high to a relative low level, so that sensitivity of said piezo-electric sensor is responsively increased as said projectile approaches its target.
13. A fuze according to claim 1 , further comprising a safe-and-arm assembly unit, on which said stab detonator is rotatable so that after said projectile has been propelled to a minimum muzzle safety distance, said stab detonator becomes aligned with said firing pin.