Detection of oxidized polypeptides
A diagnostic method for determining the absence or presence of a disease is provided. The method generally includes assaying the amount and/or types of oxidized peptides in a sample from a subject, and comparing these to the amount and types of reference oxidized polypeptides. The method may include the use of stable isotope label, affinity selection, to identify and quantify changes in oxidized peptides or oxidized proteins associated with diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, breast cancer, and Parkinson's disease, to monitor a patient's response to a therapeutic agent (e.g., an antioxidant), and/or to monitor disease recurrence.
1. A method for determining whether a subject is afflicted with diabetes mellitus comprising:
obtaining a blood or plasma sample from said subject comprising at least one carbonylated protein selected from Table 15, wherein the carbonylated protein comprises a plurality of carbonylated sites;
isolating the carbonylated protein from the other oxidized proteins in the sample via an affinity purification technique, wherein the step of isolating comprises:
coupling a first member of a binding pair to the carbonylated protein;
contacting the sample to a chromatographic support matrix that comprises a second member of the binding pair such that the carbonylated protein is retained in the support matrix via a binding between the first and second members of the binding pair while the other oxidized proteins flow through the matrix;
digesting the isolated carbonylated protein into a plurality of different carbonylated peptides;
determining and quantitatively assessing by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique a degree of oxidation at each of a plurality of carbonylated sites found in one or more of the carbonylated peptides obtained from the following carbonylated proteins from as disclosed in Table 15: hemoglobin alpha 2 chain; major beta-hemoglobin; fibrinogen alpha chain; fatty acid binding protein, immunoglobulin heavy chain, and complement component 3;
comparing the degree of oxidation at each of the plurality of carbonylated sites to a degree of oxidation at each of the same sites found in one or more reference peptides; and
detecting a difference in the degree of oxidation at the plurality of the carbonylated sites between the one or more carbonylated peptides and the reference peptides, wherein a greater than 1.5 fold increase in the degree of oxidation at the plurality of the carbonylated sites is indicative of the subject being afflicted with diabetes mellitus.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbonylated peptide, the reference peptide, or both are detectably labeled.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein comparing the carbonylated peptide with the reference peptides comprises using global internal standard technology.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: eluting the bound carbonylated protein from said chromatographic support matrix.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first member of the binding pair is biotin and the second member of the binding pair is avidin.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbonylated protein originates from an organ and is shed into blood.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbonylated protein results from:
oxidative cleavage of an amino acid side chain;
cleavage of the primary peptide structure;
glycation;
an AGE-peptide adduct; or
addition of a lipid peroxidation product.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbonylated peptide, the reference peptide, or both comprises an oxidative stress induced post-translational modification (OSi-PTM).
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising an antioxidant to the subject determined to be afflicted with diabetes mellitus.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is performed at least once at a later point in time to thereby monitor the progression of diabetes in the subject.