Amyloid binding agents

1. A compound having the structure of Formula (I),

wherein

EDG is an electron donor group;

πCE is a pi-conjugation element; and

WSG is a water soluble group;

wherein

said electron donor group is R 1 -substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R 1 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 1 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, R 1 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl, R 1 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -NR 4 C(O)R 3 , -NR 4 R 5 , or -PR 7 R 8 ,

wherein

R 1 is halogen, -OR 9 , -NR 10 R 11 , unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl

R 4 is hydrogen, R 12 -substituted alkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl or R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently hydrogen, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl or R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, wherein R 4 and R 5 are optionally joined together to form an R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, or R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are independently hydrogen, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, wherein R 10 and R 11 are optionally joined together to form an R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, or R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl

R 12 is halogen, -OR 13 , -NR 14 R 15 , R 16 -substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R 16 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, R 16 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 16 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, R 16 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or R 16 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are independently hydrogen or unsubstituted alkyl; and

R 16 is unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

wherein

said pi-conjugation element has the formula:

-L 1 -(A 1 ) q -L 2 -(A 2 ) r -L 3 - or -L 1 -(A 1 ) q -L 4 -A 3 -L 2 -(A 2 ) r -L 3 -,

wherein

q and r are independently 0 or 1 and at least one of q or r is 1;

at least one of A 1 or A 2 is R 17 -substituted or unsubstituted

L 1 , L 2 , L 3 and L 4 are independently a bond or a linking group having the formula:

 wherein x is an integer from 1 to 50;

A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are independently R 17 -substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or

R 17 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene;

R 17 is halogen, —OR 18 , —NR 19 R 20 , R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 18 , R 19 and R 20 are independently hydrogen, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 21 is halogen, —OR 22 , —NR 23 R 24 , unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and

R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are independently hydrogen or unsubstituted alkyl.

2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein x is an integer from 1 to 10.

3. The compound of claim 1 wherein said water soluble group is R 25 -substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R 25 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, R 25 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 25 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, R 25 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl, R 25 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

wherein

R 25 is halogen, —OR 26 , —NR 27 R 28 , R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 26 , R 27 and R 28 are independently hydrogen, R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, wherein R 27 and R 28 are optionally joined together to form an R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, or R 29 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 29 is halogen, —OR 30 , —NR 31 R 32 , unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and

R 30 , R 31 and R 32 are independently hydrogen or unsubstituted alkyl.

4. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein said water soluble group is

wherein y is an integer from 1 to 50.

5. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein R 29 is unsubstituted alkyl.

6. The compound according to any one of claim 1 , 2 , or 3 , said compound having the structure:

7. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are independently 17 -substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, or R 17 -substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene.

8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of claim 1 , 2 , 6 , or 7 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

9. A compound represented by the following structural formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

10. A compound represented by the following structural formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein:

R 4 and R 5 are independently hydrogen, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl or R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, wherein R 4 and R 5 are optionally joined together to form an R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, or R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 12 is halogen, —OR 13 , —NR 14 R 15 , R 16 -substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R 16 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, R 16 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 16 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, R 16 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or R 16 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are independently hydrogen or unsubstituted alkyl;

R 16 is unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 17 is halogen, —OR 18 , —NR 19 R 20 , R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 18 , R 19 and R 20 are independently hydrogen, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or R 21 -substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 21 is halogen, —OR 22 , —NR 23 R 24 , unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are independently hydrogen or unsubstituted alkyl;

R 29 is halogen, —OR 30 , —NR 31 R 32 , unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 30 , R 31 and R 32 are independently hydrogen or unsubstituted alkyl;

y is an integer from 1 to 10; and

z is an integer from 0 to 6.

11. The compound according to claim 10 , said compound having the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

12. The compound according to claim 10 , wherein R 4 and R 5 are optionally joined together to form an R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl.

13. The compound according to claim 12 , wherein said R 12 -substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl is a substituted or unsubstituted piperidinyl.

14. The compound according to claim 13 , wherein y is 2 and z is 0.

15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 9 - 14 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.