Current sensor with a self-test function
A current sensor includes a core arranged around a conductor, a sensing element arranged on the core and configured to generate an output variable dependent on a magnetic field in the core, and a measuring unit configured to detect the output variable and to derive a measured value of the current. The current sensor further includes a test coil arranged around the core and a test current generator connected to the test coil. The test current generator is configured to generate a test current signal of a specified amplitude and to output the test current signal to the test coil. The current sensor further includes a testing unit connected to both the measuring unit and the test current generator and configured to output information regarding the current sensor. The information is output as a test signal dependent upon comparing a first and a second measured value.
1. A current sensor for measuring a current in a conductor using a magnetic field generated by the current, comprising:
a core formed from a magnetic material arranged around the conductor;
a sensor element arranged on the core and configured to generate an output variable dependent on a magnetic field in the core;
a measuring unit configured to detect the output variable and to derive a measured value of the current in the conductor from the detected output variable;
a test winding arranged around the core;
a test current generator connected to the test winding and configured to generate a test current signal of a predetermined amplitude in response to a control signal and to output the test current signal to the test winding; and
a testing unit connected to the measuring unit and to the test current generator, the testing unit being configured to:
receive a first measured value from the measuring unit at a first point in time;
output the control signal to the test current generator at a second point in time following the first point in time;
receive a second measured value from the measuring unit in response to outputting the control signal;
determine a pair of estimated values on the basis of the first measured value; and
output an item of information relating to whether the current sensor is operating properly as a test signal in response to the second measured value being within a range defined by the pair of estimated values.
2. The current sensor from claim 1 , wherein the test current generator is configured to generate a test current signal with an amplitude of at least one predefined maximum current to be measured in the conductor divided by a number of windings of the test winding around the core.
3. The current sensor from claim 1 , wherein the test current generator is configured to generate a stepped, sawtooth, triangular, sinusoidal or square-wave test current signal.
4. The current sensor from claim 1 , wherein the sensor element is configured to generate an output voltage as an output variable.
5. The current sensor from claim 4 , wherein the measuring unit has an amplifier and an A/D converter, the amplifier being configured to amplify the output voltage and to output the output voltage to the A/D converter.
6. The current sensor from claim 1 , further comprising:
a compensation winding arranged around the core; and
a test current generator configured to generate a compensation current on the basis of a third measured value measured at a third point in time before the first point in time and to output the current to the compensation winding during the first point in time and the second point in time.
7. A motor vehicle, comprising:
an electrical drive motor,
a battery module connected to the electrical drive motor, and
a current sensor for measuring a current flowing between the battery module and the electrical drive motor, the current sensor including:
a core, formed from a magnetic material, arranged around a conductor;
a sensor element arranged on the core and configured to generate an output variable dependent on a magnetic field in the core;
a measuring unit configured to detect the output variable and to derive a measured value of the current in the conductor from the detected output variable;
a test winding arranged around the core;
a test current generator connected to the test winding and configured to generate a test current signal of a predetermined amplitude in response to a control signal and to output the test current signal to the test winding; and
a testing unit connected to the measuring unit and to the test current generator the testing unit being configured to:
receive a first measured value from the measuring unit at a first point in time;
output the control signal to the test current generator at a second point in time following the first point in time;
receive a second measured value from the measuring unit in response to outputting the control signal;
determine a pair of estimated values on the basis of the first measured value;
generate a first output indicating that the current sensor in response to the second measurement value being with a range defined by the pair of estimated values; and
generate a second output indicating that the current sensor is non-operational in response to the second measurement value being outside the range defined by the pair of estimated values.
8. The motor vehicle from claim 7 , wherein the battery module is connected to the electrical drive motor via at least one contactor configured to disconnect the battery module from the electrical drive motor in response to a test signal from the current sensor, the signal indicating the current sensor is non-operational.