Bicomponent fibers containing nano-filaments for use in optically transparent composites
A macro fiber for a composite article may include a plurality of inner fibers. Each one of the inner fibers may have an inner fiber final cross-sectional size of less than approximately 100 nanometers. The inner fibers may be surrounded by matrix material.
1. A composite article, comprising:
a plurality of macro fibers, at least one of the macro fibers including:
a plurality of inner fibers aligned with one another within the macro fiber, at least one of the inner fibers having an inner fiber final cross-sectional size of less than approximately 100 nanometers; and
a matrix material surrounding the inner fibers; and
the macro fibers having a predetermined cross-sectional shape.
2. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein:
the macro fibers being arranged in a structural layer; and
a plurality of the structural layers being arranged in a stacked formation.
3. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein:
the composite article is comprised of at least one of a windshield, a canopy, a window, a membrane, an armor panel, a structural panel, an architectural panel, and a non-structural article.
4. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein:
at least one of the macro fibers is stretched along a stretched direction prior to or during formation of the macro fibers to reduce the cross-sectional size of the inner fibers down to the inner fiber final cross-sectional size.
5. The composite article of claim 4 , wherein:
the macro fibers are arranged in a structural layer;
a plurality of the structural layers being arranged in a stacked formation;
the stretched direction of at least one of the macro fibers in one of the structural layers is oriented generally non-parallel to the stretched direction of at least one of the macro fibers in an adjacent one of the structural layers.
6. The composite article of claim 5 , wherein:
the macro fibers are in side-by-side arrangement in the structural layer.
7. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein:
at least one macro fiber has a cross-sectional shape comprising at least one of an upper surface and a lower surface; and
at least one of the upper and lower surfaces being substantially planar.
8. The composite article of claim 7 , wherein:
the cross-sectional shape comprises a sheet having an aspect ratio of a macro fiber width to a macro fiber thickness of at least approximately 10.
9. The composite article of claim 7 , wherein:
the cross-sectional shape comprises a parallelogram.
10. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein:
the matrix material has an optical property; and
the optical property of the matrix material being substantially equivalent to the optical property of at least one of the inner fibers.
11. The composite article of claim 10 , wherein:
the optical property comprises a refractive index.
12. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein:
the inner fibers and the matrix material are comprised of substantially optically transparent material.
13. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein:
the inner fibers are formed from a material comprising at least one of a thermoplastic material, a thermosetting material, an inorganic material, and a glass material.
14. The composite article of claim 13 , wherein:
the inner fibers are formed of a thermoplastic material and are stretched.
15. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein:
the matrix material comprises at least one of a thermoplastic material and a thermosetting material.
16. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein:
the macro fibers have a maximum macro fiber thickness in a range of from approximately 3 microns to 5000 microns.
17. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein:
the inner fibers and the matrix material of the at least one macro fiber are formed substantially simultaneously.
18. A composite article, comprising:
a plurality of macro fibers, at least one of the macro fibers including:
a plurality of inner fibers aligned with one another within the macro fiber, at least one of the inner fibers having an inner fiber final cross-sectional size of less than approximately 100 nanometers;
a matrix material surrounding the inner fibers;
the macro fibers having a cross-sectional shape comprising at least one of an upper surface and a lower surface; and
at least one of the upper and lower surfaces being substantially planar.
19. A composite article, comprising:
a plurality of macro fibers, at least one of the macro fibers including:
a plurality of inner fibers aligned with one another within the macro fiber, at least one of the inner fibers having an inner fiber final cross-sectional size of less than approximately 100 nanometers;
a matrix material surrounding the inner fibers;
the macro fibers being arranged in a structural layer;
a plurality of the structural layers being arranged in a stacked formation;
each one of the macro fibers has a stretched direction corresponding to a lengthwise direction of the macro fiber, each macro fiber being stretched prior to or during formation of the macro fiber to reduce the cross-sectional size of the inner fibers down to the inner fiber final cross-sectional size; and
at least one pair of the structural layers being arranged such that the stretched direction of the macro fibers in one of the structural layers of the pair is oriented substantially perpendicularly relative to the stretched direction of the macro fibers in an adjacent one of the structural layers of the pair.
20. A composite article, comprising:
a plurality of macro fibers, at least one of the macro fibers including:
a plurality of inner fibers aligned with one another within the macro fiber, at least one of the inner fibers having an inner fiber final cross-sectional size of less than approximately 100 nanometers;
a matrix material surrounding the inner fibers;
the macro fibers being arranged in a structural layer;
a plurality of the structural layers being arranged in a stacked formation;
at least one of the macro fibers having a cross-sectional shape comprising at least one of an upper surface and a lower surface;
at least one of the upper and lower surfaces being substantially planar;
at least one of the macro fibers has a stretched direction corresponding to a lengthwise direction of the macro fiber and being stretched prior to or during formation of the macro fiber to reduce the cross-sectional size of the inner fibers down to the inner fiber final cross-sectional size; and
at least one pair of the structural layers being arranged such that the stretched direction of the macro fibers in one of the structural layers of the pair is oriented substantially perpendicularly relative to the stretched direction of the macro fibers in an adjacent one of the structural layers of the pair.