Identifying Markers of Caloric Restriction and Caloric Restriction Mimetics
Markers of caloric restriction (CR) can be identified in a selected tissue by exposing an animal to CR conditions and selecting one or more genes differentially expressed in response to CR conditions in multiple subject groups. A candidate compound can be screened for likely ability to mimic the effects of CR when administered to an animal by comparing the tissue levels of expression products of the genes in animals treated with the candidate compound to those of animals subjected to CR.
1 . A gene panel comprising a plurality of polynucleotides that are differentially expressed in a tissue in response to CR, wherein the polynucleotides are selected from genes listed in Tables 1 through 6.
2 . The gene panel of claim 1 , wherein the tissue is from a murine subject.
3 . The gene panel of claim 1 , wherein the tissue is from a canine subject or a feline subject.
4 . The gene panel of claim 1 , wherein the tissue is from a human subject.
5 . The gene panel of claim 1 , wherein the tissue is selected from the group consisting of liver tissue, heart tissue, lung tissue, brain tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue, white adipose, skeletal muscle, blood, nervous tissue, urine, and saliva.
6 . The gene panel of claim 5 , wherein the tissue is heart tissue and the polynucleotides are selected from the genes listed in Table 1.
7 . The gene panel of claim 6 , wherein the polynucleotides are selected from genes listed in Table 4.
8 . The gene panel of claim 5 , wherein the tissue is skeletal muscle and the polynucleotides are selected from Table 2.
9 . The gene panel of claim 8 , wherein the polynucleotides are selected from genes listed in Table 5.
10 . The gene panel of claim 5 , wherein the tissue is white adipose and the polynucleotides are selected from Table 3.
11 . The gene panel of claim 10 , wherein the polynucleotides are selected from genes listed in Table 6.
12 . A probe for detecting differential expression of universal markers of CR in a tissue, comprising one of:
a) a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes a gene listed in Tables 1 through 3 or a fragment thereof; or
b) a polypeptide binding agent that binds to a polypeptide encoded by a gene listed in Tables 1 through 6.
13 . The probe of claim 12 , wherein the tissue is heart tissue and the probes comprise polynucleotides selected from the genes listed in Table 1.
14 . The probe of claim 13 , wherein the polynucleotides are selected from genes listed in Table 4.
15 . The probe of claim 12 , wherein the tissue is skeletal muscle and the probes comprise polynucleotides selected from Table 2.
16 . The probe of claim 15 , wherein the polynucleotides are selected from genes listed in Table 5.
17 . The probe of claim 12 , wherein the tissue is white adipose and the probes comprise polynucleotides selected from Table 3.
18 . The probe of claim 17 , wherein the polynucleotides are selected from genes listed in Table 6.
19 . A composition for detecting differential gene expression in a tissue, said composition including two or more probes, wherein the probes comprise:
a) polynucleotides that specifically hybridize to two or more genes listed in Tables 1 through 6 or fragments thereof; or
b) polypeptide binding agents that bind to polypeptides encoded by two or more genes listed in Tables 1 through 6.
20 . A kit, comprising:
a) an amplification oligonucleotide that specifically hybridizes a gene listed in Tables 1 through 6 or a fragment thereof; and
b) a labeled probe comprising a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes a gene encoding proteins listed in Tables 1 through 6 or a fragment thereof.
21 . A method of identifying tissue-specific universal markers of caloric restriction (CR) in a selected tissue comprising: a) exposing subjects belonging to a plurality of subject groups to CR conditions; and b) selecting one or more genes differentially expressed in response to CR in subjects from a multiplicity of said plurality of subject groups.
22 . A method for determining if a candidate compound is likely to be effective in mimicking the effects of CR when administered to a subject, the method comprising:
a) exposing a first subject to CR;
b) measuring a level of expression products of two or more genes listed in Tables 1 through 3 in a sample of tissue from the first subject to obtain a CR expression profile;
c) administering the candidate compound to a second subject;
d) measuring a level of the expression products in a sample of the tissue from the second subject; and
e) comparing the levels in b) and d) to determine a degree to which the candidate compound mimics CR.