METHOD OF PRODUCING HIGH-BRIGHTNESS COCOA POWDER AND REALTED COMPOSITIONS
Methods of making bright red, brown, and red-brown cocoa powder, the cocoa powder product of that method, food products containing the bright red, brown, and red-brown cocoa powder and methods of using the bright red, brown, and red-brown cocoa powder are disclosed.
1 . A method of alkalizing cocoa beans, comprising:
sterilizing de-shelled cocoa beans;
alkalizing the de-shelled cocoa beans in an alkalizing mixture comprising the de-shelled cocoa beans, alkali and water, at an initial alkalization temperature of from about 50° C. to about 85° C. and an average alkalization temperature of from about 50° C. to about 85° C., thus producing alkalized cocoa beans; and
processing the alkalized cocoa beans into a cocoa powder having color values of L less than about 16, of C greater than about 20, and of H from about 35 to about 55 as determined according to CIE 1976 color standards; and a pH of greater than 7.0.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the de-shelled cocoa beans are alkalized at an initial alkalization temperature that is higher than the average alkalization temperature.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the beans are alkalized at an initial alkalization temperature that is lower than the average alkalization temperature.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the de-shelled cocoa beans are cocoa nibs.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein sterilizing the de-shelled cocoa beans comprises heating the de-shelled cocoa beans to a temperature of from about 95° C. to about 110° C.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the beans are sterilized by one of steam, hot air and contact.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkalized cocoa beans are roasted at from about 100° C. to about 125° C.
8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding air to the alkalization mixture.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein only an amount of air is injected into the alkalizing mixture during the alkalization process that is sufficient to cool the alkalization mixture to within 5° C. of the average alkalization temperature.
10 . The method of claim 8 , wherein less than about 3000 ml/minute of air per kilogram of cocoa beans is injected into the alkalization mixture.
11 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the amount of air injected into the alkalizing mixture during the alkalization process is a minimal amount of air sufficient to cool the alkalization mixture to a target alkalization temperature and to impart a target H-value to cocoa powder produced from the cocoa beans.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkalizing mixture comprises from about 3 wt percent to about 8 wt percent of alkali and from about 5 wt percent to about 30 wt percent of water.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkali is a solution of sodium, potassium, ammonium or magnesium hydroxide or carbonate.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkali is 4 wt percent to 7 wt percent of a 50 percent solution of potash.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkalizing mixture comprising alkali and water has a temperature from about 50° C. to about 60° C.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein processing the alkalized cocoa beans comprises roasting the cocoa beans; grinding the roasted cocoa beans to produce cocoa liquor; pressing the beans to produce a cocoa powder presscake and cocoa butter; and grinding the cocoa powder presscake to produce cocoa powder.
17 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising incorporating the cocoa powder into a food product.
18 . A method of alkalizing cocoa beans, comprising:
sterilizing de-shelled cocoa beans;
alkalizing the de-shelled cocoa beans in an alkalizing mixture comprising the de-shelled cocoa beans, alkali and water, at an initial alkalization temperature of from about 50° C. to about 85° C. and an average alkalization temperature of from about 50° C. to about 85° C.; and
roasting the de-shelled cocoa beans, to produce alkalized cocoa beans that, when processed into cocoa powder, the cocoa powder has color values of L less than about 16, of C greater than about 20, and of H from about 35 to about 55 as determined according to CIE 1976 color standards; and a pH of greater than 7.0.
19 . A method of alkalizing cocoa beans comprising:
sterilizing de-shelled cocoa beans;
alkalizing the de-shelled cocoa beans in an alkalizing mixture comprising the de-shelled cocoa beans, alkali and water, at an average alkalization temperature of from about 50° C. to about 70° C., thus producing alkalized cocoa beans;
adding air to the alkalizing mixture; and
processing the alkalized cocoa beans into a cocoa powder having color values of L of between 13 and 15, of C of between 22 and 25, and of H from about 39 to about 50 as determined according to CIE 1976 color standards; and a pH of greater than 7.0.