Methods for biocompatible derivitization of cellulosic surfaces
The present invention describes methods of treating cellulosic materials with a composition that provides increased hydrophobicity to such materials without sacrificing the biodegradability thereof. The methods as disclosed provide for esterification of available hydroxyl groups on cellulosic materials, where such hydroxyl groups are “masked” by bulky organic chains, including that the disclosure provides products made by such methods. The materials thus treated display higher hydrophobicity, barrier function, and mechanical properties, and may be used in any application where such features are desired.
1. A method for treating a solid surface of a cellulose-containing material comprising:
applying to said solid surface a composition comprising:
an alkanoic acid derivative having the formula (I):
R—CO—X
wherein R is a straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 10 to 40 carbon atoms, and wherein X is Cl, Br, or O(CO)OR;
a base; and
a first solvent,
heating the applied composition on said solid surface;
rinsing said solid surface with a second solvent; and
drying said rinsed solid surface;
wherein said composition esterifies at least a portion of the hydroxyl groups available on the cellulose of the material, and wherein the resulting treated surface of the cellulose-containing material exhibits a water contact angle of between 60° to about 120°.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose-containing material exhibits greater hydrophobicity relative to the cellulose-containing material without said treating.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base is non-nucleophilic.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the base is organic.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the organic base is selected from the group consisting of aziridines, azetidines, piperazines, piperidines, pyridines, bipyridines, terpyridines, dihydropyridines, morpholines, N-alkylmorpholines, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes, 1,8-diazabicycloundecanes, 1,8-diazabicycloundecenes, dimethylated pentylamines, trimethylated pentylamines, pyrimidines, pyrroles, pyrrolidines, pyrrolidinones, indoles, indolines, indanones, benzindazones, imidazoles, benzimidazoles, imidazolones, imidazolines, oxazoles, isoxazoles, oxazolines, oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles, carbazoles, quinolines, isoquinolines, naphthyridines, triazines, triazoles, tetrazoles, pyrazoles, pyrazolines, and combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the number of carbon atoms is 12 or 14.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent is selected from the group consisting of pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, petroleum ether, naphtha, kerosene, petroleum, paraffin oil, benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloro-ethane, chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, tetrabromoethylene, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, anisole (methyl phenyl ether), tert-butyl methyl ether, dibenzyl ether, diethyl ether, dioxane, diphenyl ether, methyl vinyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, diisopropyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME, monoglyme), acetone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone; methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and combinations thereof, and wherein the second solvent is selected from the group consisting of pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, petroleum ether, naphtha, kerosene, petroleum, paraffin oil, benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloro-ethane, chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, tetrabromoethylene, cyclopentane, cyclobexane, methylcyclohexane, anisole (methyl phenyl ether), tert-butyl methyl ether, dibenzyl ether, diethyl ether, dioxane, diphenyl ether, methyl vinyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, diisopropyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME, monoglyme), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (triglyme), triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone; methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , where the cellulose-containing material comprises a cellulose selected from the group consisting of nanocellulose, cellulose nanofibres, whiskers or microfibril, microfibrillated or nanofibril cellulose, sugarcane cellulose, and combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose-containing material is selected from the group consisting of a carton for food storage, a bag for food storage, a bottle for carbonated liquid storage, a bottle for non-carbonated liquid storage, film for wrapping food, a garbage disposal container, a food handling implement, a fabric fibre, a water storage and conveying implement, a container for alcoholic or non alcoholic drinks, an outer casing or screen for electronic goods, an internal or external piece of furniture, a curtain, upholstery, and combinations thereof.
10. A method for treating a solid surface of a cellulose-containing material comprising:
applying to said surface a composition comprising:
an alkanoic acid derivative having the formula (I):
R—CO—X
wherein R is a straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 10 to 40 carbon atoms, and wherein X is CI, Br, I or O(CO)OR derived from an agent selected from the group consisting of acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, anhydrides, and combinations thereof;
a base; and
a first solvent,
heating the applied composition on said solid surface;
rinsing said solid surface with a second solvent; and
drying said rinsed solid surface;
wherein said composition esterifies at least a portion of the hydroxyl groups available on the cellulose of the material, and wherein the resulting solid surface of the cellulose-containing material exhibits a water contact angel of about 100°.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said composition esterifies at least a portion of the hydroxyl groups available on the cellulose of the material, and wherein said esterified hydroxyl groups are stable up to at least about 200° C.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, lithium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, aziridines, azetidines, piperazines, piperidines, pyridines, bipyridines, terpyridines, dihydropyridines, morpholines, N-alkylmorpholines, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes, 1,8-diazabicycloundecanes, 1,8-diazabicycloundecenes, dimethylated pentylamines, trimethylated pentylamines, pyrimidines, pyrroles, pyrrolidines, pyrrolidinones, indoles, indolines, indanones, benzindazones, imidazoles, benzimidazoles, imidazolones, imidazolines, oxazoles, isoxazoles, oxazolines, oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles, carbazoles, quinolines, isoquinolines, naphthyridines, triazines, triazoles, tetrazoles, pyrazoles, pyrazolines, and combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first solvent is selected from the group consisting of pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, petroleum ether, naphtha, kerosene, petroleum, paraffin oil, benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloro-ethane, chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, tetrabromoethylene, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, anisole (methyl phenyl ether), tert-butyl methyl ether, dibenzyl ether, diethyl ether, dioxane, diphenyl ether, methyl vinyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, diisopropyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME, monoglyme), acetone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone; methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and combinations thereof, and wherein the second solvent is selected from the group consisting of pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, petroleum ether, naphtha, kerosene, petroleum, paraffin oil, benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloro-ethane, chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, tetrabromoethylene, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, anisole (methyl phenyl ether), tert-butyl methyl ether, dibenzyl ether, diethyl ether, dioxane, diphenyl ether, methyl vinyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, diisopropyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME, monoglyme), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (triglyme), triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone; methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and combinations thereof.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the number of carbon atoms in the derivatizing agent is 12 or 14.
15. The method of claim 10 , where the cellulose-containing material comprises a Cellulose selected from the group consisting of nanocellulose, cellulose nanofibres, whiskers or microfibril cellulose, microfibrillated or nanofibril cellulose, sugarcane cellulose, and combinations thereof.
16. A method for treating a solid surface of a cellulose-containing material comprising:
applying to said surface a composition comprising:
an alkanoic acid derivative having the formula (I):
R—CO—X
wherein R is a straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 10 to 40 carbon atoms, and wherein X is CI, Br, I or O(CO)OR;
a base;
a first solvent;
heating the applied composition on said solid surface;
rinsing said solid surface with a second solvent; and
drying said rinsed solid surface;
wherein said composition esterifies at least a portion of the hydroxyl groups available on the cellulose of the material, and wherein the resulting treated cellulose-containing material exhibits a water contact angel of about 100°, is stable up to at least about 200° C., an oxygen permeability of less than about 10 Barrer units, a water vapour permeability of less than about 20 Barrer units, and combinations thereof.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the number of carbon atoms is 12 or 14.