Magnetic field annealing for improved creep resistance
The method provides heat-resistant chromia- or alumina-forming Fe-, Fe(Ni), Ni(Fe), or Ni-based alloys having improved creep resistance. A precursor is provided containing preselected constituents of a chromia- or alumina-forming Fe-, Fe(Ni), Ni(Fe), or Ni-based alloy, at least one of the constituents for forming a nanoscale precipitate MaXb where M is Cr, Nb, Ti, V, Zr, or Hf, individually and in combination, and X is C, N, O, B, individually and in combination, a=1 to 23 and b=1 to 6. The precursor is annealed at a temperature of 1000-1500° C. for 1-48 h in the presence of a magnetic field of at least 5 Tesla to enhance supersaturation of the M a X b constituents in the annealed precursor. This forms nanoscale M a X b precipitates for improved creep resistance when the alloy is used at service temperatures of 500-1000° C. Alloys having improved creep resistance are also disclosed.
1. A method of making a heat-resistant chromia- or alumina-forming Fe-, Fe(Ni), Ni(Fe), or Ni-based alloy having improved creep resistance comprising the steps of:
providing a precursor containing preselected constituents of a chromia- or alumina-forming Fe-, Fe(Ni), Ni(Fe), or Ni-based alloy, at least one of the constituents for forming a nanoscale precipitate M a X b where M is Cr, Nb, Ti, V, Zr, Hf individually or in combination, X is C, N, O, B individually or in combination, and a=1 to 23 and b=1 to 6;
single-phase austenite matrix phase solid solution annealing the precursor at a temperature of 1000-1500° C. for 1-48 h in the presence of a magnetic field of at least 5 Tesla to enhance supersaturation of the M a X b constituents in the annealed precursor in order to form nanoscale M a X b precipitates for improved creep resistance when the alloy is used at service temperatures of 500-1000° C.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic field is between 5-30 Tesla.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic field is between 8-10 Tesla.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said anneal is performed at a temperature between 1100° C. and 1250° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said anneal step is 22-24 h and is followed by a rapid cooling process comprising contacting the alloy with a cooling fluid to cool the alloy to room temperature in less than 15 minutes.
6. A method of making a heat resistant chromia- or alumina-forming Fe-, Fe(Ni), Ni(Fe), or Ni-based alloy having improved creep resistance comprising the steps of:
providing a precursor containing preselected constituents of a chromia- or alumina-forming Fe-, Fe(Ni), Ni(Fe), or Ni-based alloy, at least one of the constituents including a hafnium addition;
single-phase austenite matrix phase solid solution annealing the precursor at a temperature of 1000-1500° C. for 1-48 h in the presence of a magnetic field of at least 5 Tesla to supersaturate the annealed precursor with at least one element selected from the group of C, N, O, and B, individually or in combination, in order to form at least one nanoscale precipitate selected from the group consisting of hafnium carbides, hafnium nitrides, hafnium carbonitrides, hafnium oxides, and hafnium borides.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the magnetic field is between 5-30 Tesla.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the magnetic field is between 8-10 Tesla.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein said anneal is performed at a temperature between 1100° C. and 1250° C.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein said anneal step is 22-24 hr.