Method for generating connective tissue by implanting a biodegradable silk fabric
Silk is purified to eliminate immunogenic components (particularly sericin) and is used to form fabric that is used to form tissue-supporting prosthetic devices for implantation. The fabrics can carry functional groups, drugs, and other biological reagents. Applications include hernia repair, tissue wall reconstruction, and organ support, such as bladder slings. The silk fibers are arranged in parallel and, optionally, intertwined (e.g., twisted) to form a construct; sericin may be extracted at any point during the formation of the fabric, leaving a construct of silk fibroin fibers having excellent tensile strength and other mechanical properties.
1. A method for generating connective tissue in an individual comprising implanting a biodegradable silk fabric having one or more biomechanical properties of the connective tissue, into the individual at an anatomical location that provides the appropriate physiologic environment for the development of the connective tissue from the implanted fabric, wherein:
(a) the biodegradable silk fabric is comprised of one or more individual yarns comprised of silkworm derived, sericin-extracted native silk fibroin fibers;
(b) the silk fibroin fibers retain their native protein structure and have not been dissolved and reconstituted;
(c) cells for proliferating and differentiating into a tissue have not been added to or absorbed into the silk fabric, and;
(d) the silk fibroin fibers are non-randomly aligned with one another into the yarns.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yarns are intertwined to form a 2-dimensional mesh.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more biomechanical properties is selected from the group consisting of ultimate tensile strength, linear stiffness, yield point, percent elongation at break, and combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the individual yarns has a single-level hierarchical organization comprising a group of parallel or intertwined fibers to form the yarn(s).
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the individual yarns has a two-level hierarchical organization comprising a bundle of intertwined groups, wherein a group comprises parallel or intertwined fibers.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the individual yarns has a three-level hierarchical organization comprising a strand of intertwined bundles, wherein a bundle comprises intertwined groups, wherein a group comprises parallel or intertwined fibers.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the individual yarns has a four-level hierarchical organization comprising a cord of intertwined strands, wherein a strand comprises intertwined bundles, wherein a bundle comprises intertwined groups, wherein a group comprises parallel or intertwined fibers.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fabric is implanted intramuscularly.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fabric is implanted into the individual to replace or repair damaged tissue.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the connective tissue is ligament or tendon.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fabric has one or more biomechanical properties of a body wall connective tissue and is implanted into the individual at the site of the body wall.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fabric has one or more biomechanical properties of chest wall connective tissue and is implanted into the individual at the site of the chest wall.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fabric has one or more biomechanical properties of organ supporting connective tissue and is implanted in the individual to position or support an organ.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the fabric is implanted subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the fabric is implanted into the individual to replace or repair damaged tissue.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the fabric has one or more biomechanical properties of a ligament or tendon.