Chemical exchange saturation transfer based MRI using reporter genes and MRI methods related thereto
Featured are a new class of reporter genes including reporter compositions as well as methods, MRI systems and MRI imaging kits related thereto. The genes according to the present invention provide MR contrast when the sample/subject is irradiated at a specific off-resonance radio-frequency (RF frequency), where the contrast mechanism utilizes chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) technique for imaging.
1. A magnetic resonance imaging system comprising:
an imaging apparatus configured to image one or more cells comprising a non-metallic reporter gene using a CEST magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique without binding of metallic or exogenous substrates or agents; wherein
the non-metallic reporter gene encodes a protein that is enriched with an amino acid from the list consisting of lysine, argentine, histidine, cysteine, tyrosine and serine and is used as a contrast agent.
2. The magnetic resonance imaging system of claim 1 , further comprising a second non-metallic paramagnetic reporter gene, wherein the second non-paramagnetic reporter gene is different from the first non-paramagnetic reporter gene and encodes a lysine rich protein, an arginine rich protein, a histidine rich protein, cysteine rich protein, a tyrosine rich protein or a serine rich protein.
3. The magnetic resonance imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the non-paramagnetic reporter gene encodes a lysine rich protein (LRP) and the contrast agent further comprises a therapeutically effective carrier.
4. The magnetic resonance imaging system of claim 3 , wherein the LRP comprises from between about 50 to about 250 lysines.
5. The magnetic resonance imaging system of claim 3 , wherein the LRP protein encoded by the reporter gene is functional under normal physiological conditions.
6. The magnetic resonance imaging system of claim 5 , wherein normal physiological conditions comprise a pH from between about 6.8 to about 7.5.
7. The magnetic resonance imaging system of claim 3 , wherein the LRP protein encoded by the reporter gene is not functional under ischemic or apoptotic conditions.