Broad band antennas and feed methods
View Patent ↗Two or more Vivaldi antennas, consisting of two plates each, each with the antenna's natural impedance of approximately 100 ohms, are placed in parallel to achieve a 50 ohm impedance in the case of two antennas or other impedances (100/n ohms) for more than two antennas. A single Vivaldi antenna plate (half Vivaldi antenna) over a ground plane can also be used to achieve a 50 ohm impedance, or two or more single plates over a ground plane to achieve other impedances. Unbalanced 50 ohm transmission lines, e.g. coaxial cables, can be used to directly feed, the dual Vivaldi (four plate) antenna in a center fed angled center departure, or more desirably, a center fed offset departure configuration.
1. A dual Vivaldi antenna, comprising:
a first Vivaldi subantenna having a first conductive plate and a second conductive plate supported in a spaced relationship to the first plate, wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate do not touch each other at any place; and
a second Vivaldi subantenna electrically connected in parallel to the first Vivaldi subantenna and having a third conductive plate and a fourth conductive plate supported in a spaced relationship to the third plate, wherein the third conductive plate and the fourth conductive plate do not touch each other at any place;
wherein the first conductive plate and second conductive plate have a first gap therebetween that is narrowest at a first throat and increases along curved surfaces of the first conductive plate and second conductive plate to their respective distal tips, the third conductive plate and fourth conductive plate have a second gap therebetween that is narrowest at a second throat and increases along curved surfaces of the third conductive plate and fourth conductive plate to their respective distal tips, the first conductive plate and the third conductive plate being physically and electrically connected together, and the second conductive plate and the fourth conductive plate being physically and electrically connected together, wherein said first Vivaldi subantenna and said second Vivaldi subantenna do not include any dielectric material.
2. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive plate, the second conductive plate, the third conductive plate and the fourth conductive plate are solid plates, perforated plates, or wire mesh plates.
3. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive plate and the third conductive plate are joined at a first common edge and form a first angle of less than 90 degrees therebetween, and the second conductive plate and the fourth conductive plate are joined at a second common edge and form a second angle of less than 90 degrees therebetween.
4. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate of the first subantenna are spaced and parallel to the third conductive plate and the fourth conductive plate of the second subantenna.
5. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising a coaxial feed cable having its center conductor directly connected to the first plate and the third plate, wherein the coaxial feed cable has its outer conductor directly connected to the second plate and the fourth plate.
6. The antenna of claim 5 , wherein the center conductor is connected to the first plate and the third plate at the throat and outer conductor is connected to the second plate and the fourth plate at the throat.
7. The antenna of claim 6 , wherein the outer conductor extends along the second conductive plate and the fourth conductive plate for a distance about one third their height and then extends rearwardly.
8. The antenna of claim 6 , wherein the cable extends away from the throat at an angle to said first Vivaldi subantenna and said second Vivaldi subantenna.
9. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional Vivaldi subantenna substantially identical to said first subantenna and said second Vivaldi subantenna and connected electrically in parallel with the first Vivaldi subantenna and the second Vivaldi subantenna, each additional Vivaldi subantenna being formed of a spaced first additional conductive plate and a second additional conductive, wherein the first additional conductive plate and the second additional conductive plate do not touch each other at any place and are separated by a tapered gap, the first additional plate of each additional Vivaldi subantenna being physically and electrically connected to the first plate and the third plate, and the second additional plate of each additional Vivaldi subantenna being physically and electrically connected to the second plate and the fourth plate.
10. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive plate, the second conductive plate, the third conductive plate and the fourth conductive plate are flat.
11. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive plate, the second conductive plate, the third conductive plate and the fourth conductive plate are curved.
12. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising a first conductive stub plate connected to the first conductive plate and the third conductive plate and a second conductive stub plate connected to the second conductive plate and the fourth conductive plate.
13. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising director elements positioned in and extending outwardly from the gap.
14. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising one or more reflector elements positioned behind the antenna.
15. The antenna of claim 14 , wherein the one or more reflector elements comprises a plurality of parallel wires or a solid plate.
16. The antenna of claim 14 , wherein the one or more reflector elements are selected from a plurality of conductive rods of various lengths, each slightly longer than half the wavelength of a respective frequency.