Methods of making chlorinated hydrocarbons
Methods for the manufacture of 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane from 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane and chlorine are disclosed. Improved methods are provided for the manufacture of 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene from 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane. Methods are also disclosed for the manufacture of 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene from 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane and chlorine and for the manufacture of 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene from carbon tetrachloride, ethylene, and chlorine.
1. A process of making 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane, the process comprising: heating a reaction mixture comprising 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane, ferric chloride and chlorine to produce 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture further comprises carbon tetrachloride.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the carbon tetrachloride is present in an amount up to about 50 weight percent of the reaction mixture.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ferric chloride is present in the reaction mixture in an amount in the range of from about 30 to about 1000 ppm.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the process occurs in equipment comprising a reaction zone, a separation zone, and a condensing zone.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the separation zone comprises a distillation component.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises substantially continuously feeding 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane and chlorine into a reaction zone containing ferric chloride.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane and chlorine are introduced with a feed ratio of from about 0.9 to about 1.1 mole chlorine per mole tetrachloropropane.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein hydrogen chloride is a coproduct of the process and is removed from the reaction zone through a separation zone and a condensing zone.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the separation zone comprises an empty tube or a tube containing packing or other structure suitable for promoting vapor-liquid contacting, and the condensing zone comprises a vessel suitable for causing some of the components of the hydrogen chloride stream, such as 1,1,3-trichloropropene or carbon tetrachloride, to condense as a liquid.
11. The process of claim 9 , wherein the hydrogen chloride exiting the reaction zone contains 1,1,3-trichloropropene or carbon tetrachloride or both 1,1,3-trichloropropene and carbon tetrachloride and 1,1,3-trichloropropene or carbon tetrachloride or both 1,1,3-trichloropropene and carbon tetrachloride are recycled into the reaction zone via the condensing zone.
12. The process of claim 1 , further comprising dehydrochlorinating 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane to produce 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene.
13. The process of claim 12 , where said step of heating the reaction mixture produces crude 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane, and where the crude 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane reactor effluent from a reactor in which 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane is formed is dehydrochlorinated directly, without prior purification and without added catalysts or reagents.
14. The process of claim 1 , where said step of heating the reaction mixture produces crude 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane, and further comprising the step of purifying the crude 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane to isolate 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane.
15. The process of claim 12 , where said step of heating the reaction mixture produces crude 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane, and where the crude 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane reactor effluent from a reactor in which 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane. is formed is dehydrochlorinated in the presence of ferric chloride contained within the reactor effluent from the reactor in which 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane is formed and in the presence of ferric chloride added to the system after the 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane is formed.