Method and apparatus for modulating light
Embodiments relate to a method and apparatus for producing polarized light, having a modulator crystal, where the modulator crystal incorporates a birefringent electro-optic material. The modulator crystal has an optic axis, a first polarization axis, and a second polarization axis, where the first polarization axis and second polarization axis are each perpendicular to the optic axis and perpendicular to each other. The apparatus can also include an electrode pair, where application of an electric field modulates light passing through the modulator crystal that is polarized along the first polarization axis. Embodiments pertain to a method and apparatus for modulating light. The apparatus incorporates a modulator crystal having an electro-optic material. The device also has at least two electrode pairs, where each electrode pair modulates light passing through the modulator crystal that has a direction of travel that has a component parallel to the optic axis.
1. An apparatus for modulating light, comprising:
a modulator crystal, wherein the modulator crystal comprises an electro-optic material, wherein the modulator crystal has an optic axis, a first polarization axis, and a second polarization axis, wherein the first polarization axis and the second polarization axis are each perpendicular to the optic axis and perpendicular to each other,
at least two electrode pairs, wherein each electrode pair is positioned such that when a voltage is applied across the electrode pair an electric field is created through a portion of the modulator crystal, wherein the electric field has at least a component perpendicular to the optic axis, wherein application of the electric field modulates light passing through the modulator crystal that has a direction of travel that has a component parallel to the optic axis.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the electro-optic material is selected from the group consisting of: LiNbO 3 and RbTiOAsO 4 .
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the electro-optic material is RbTiOPO 4 .
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the electric field created by at least one of the at least two electrode pairs is a time-varying electric field having a fixed frequency.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the electric field created by at least one of the at least two electrode pairs is a sinusoidal electric field.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each of the electric fields from the at least two electrode pairs is at a different frequency.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the application of the electric field phase modulates the light passing through the modulator crystal.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the application of the electric field amplitude modulates the light passing through the modulator crystal.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the application of the electric field varies a polarization of the light passing through the modulator crystal.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the application of the electric field rotates a polarization of the light passing through the modulator crystal.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the electric fields from the at least two electrode pairs comprises a component parallel to the first polarization axis.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the modulator crystal has a front surface for receiving light that is to pass through the modulator crystal, wherein the front surface lies in a plane that is perpendicular to the optic axis.
13. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least two electrode pairs comprises 3 to 4 electrode pairs.
14. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least two electrode pairs comprises 3 to 16 electrode pairs.
15. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least two electrode pairs comprises 3 to 32 electrode pairs.
16. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least two electrode pairs comprises 3 to 64 electrode pairs.
17. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein two or more of the at least two electrode pairs share a common ground electrode.
18. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the electric field alters the wavelength of the light passing through the modulator crystal for light having a polarization component in the direction of the electric field.
19. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein electrodes of the at least two electrode pairs are positioned in parallel planes that are parallel to the optic axis.
20. A method for modulating light, comprising:
providing a modulator crystal, wherein the modulator crystal comprises an electro-optic material, wherein the modulator crystal has an optic axis, a first polarization axis, and a second polarization axis, wherein the first polarization axis and the second polarization axis are each perpendicular to the optic axis and perpendicular to each other,
providing at least two electrode pairs, wherein each electrode pair is positioned such that when a voltage is applied across the electrode pair an electric field is created through a portion of the modulator crystal, wherein the electric field has at least a component perpendicular to the optic axis, wherein application of the electric field modulates light passing through the modulator crystal that has a direction of travel that has a component parallel to the optic axis;
incidenting a light beam on a first end of the modulator crystal wherein the light beam enters the modulator crystal and travels in a direction having a component parallel to the optic axis;
applying a first voltage across a first pair of the at least two pairs of electrodes so as to modulate the light beam;
applying a second voltage across a second pair of the at least two pairs of electrodes so as to modulate the light beam.
21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the electro-optic material is selected from the group consisting of: RbTiOAsO 4 and LiNbO 3 .
22. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the electro-optic material is RbTiOPO 4 .
23. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the electric field created by applying the first voltage to the first pair of the at least two electrode pairs is a time-varying electric field having a fixed frequency.
24. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the electric field created by applying the first voltage to the first pair of the at least two electrode pairs is a sinusoidal electric field.
25. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the first voltage and the second voltage are at different frequencies.
26. The method according to claim 20 , wherein applying the first voltage modulates the light passing through the modulator crystal.
27. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the application of the electric field amplitude modulates the light passing through the modulator crystal.
28. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the application of the electric field varies a polarization of the light passing through the modulator crystal.
29. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the application of the electric field rotates a polarization of the light passing through the modulator crystal.
30. The method according to claim 20 , wherein at least one of the electric fields from the at least two electrode pairs comprises a component parallel to the first polarization axis.
31. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the modulator crystal has a front surface for receiving light that is to pass through the modulator crystal, wherein the front surface lies in a plane that is perpendicular to the optic axis.
32. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the at least two electrode pairs comprises 3 to 4 electrodes.
33. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the at least two electrode pairs comprises 3 to 8 electrodes.
34. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the at least two electrode pairs comprises 3 to 16 electrodes.
35. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the at least two electrode pairs comprises 3 to 32 electrodes.
36. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the at least two electrode pairs comprises 3 to 64 electrodes.
37. The method according to claim 20 , wherein two or more of the at least two electrode pairs share a common ground electrode.
38. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the electric field alters the wavelength of the light passing through the modulator crystal for light having a polarization component in the direction of the electric field.
39. The method according to claim 20 , wherein electrodes of the at least two electrode pairs are positioned in parallel planes that are parallel to the optic axis.