Method for depositing and curing nanoparticle-based ink

1. An apparatus for forming a pattern of a nanoparticle-based ink on a substrate, the apparatus comprising:

a printing apparatus that is energizable to deposit the nanoparticle-based ink in a pattern on a surface of the substrate;

an illumination apparatus that is energizable to direct a patterned illumination to cure the deposited ink pattern on the substrate, the illumination apparatus having:

(i) an array having at least a first and a second laser diode, each laser diode coupled to a channel in a laser light coupling element through an optical fiber; and

(ii) an illumination lens disposed to direct illumination from the coupling element onto the surface of the substrate; and

a transport apparatus that is energizable to provide relative motion between the substrate and the illumination apparatus.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the printing apparatus is taken from the group consisting of an inkjet printer, a gravure printer, an offset printer, a screen printer, a flexography printer, and an aerosol application device.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each laser diode in the array has the same wavelength to within no more than about +/−1 nm.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least first and second laser diodes in the array have wavelengths that differ by more than 25 nm.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the optical fibers are step-index optical fibers.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least first and second laser diodes are amplitude-modulated.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least first and second laser diodes are pulse-width modulated.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a coating apparatus that is energizable to coat the substrate for adhesion of the nanoparticle-based ink.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the illumination apparatus further comprises a dithering apparatus.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the illumination apparatus is a first illumination apparatus and further comprising a second illumination apparatus that directs illumination to the patterned substrate surface.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the second illumination apparatus provides light having a wavelength different from that of the first illumination apparatus by at least 25 nm.

12. An apparatus for forming a pattern of a nanoparticle-based ink on a substrate, the apparatus comprising:

a transport apparatus that is energizable to move the substrate in a direction;

a printing apparatus that is energizable to deposit the nanoparticle-based ink in a pattern on a surface of the moving substrate; and

an illumination apparatus that is energizable to direct a patterned illumination to cure the deposited ink pattern on the moving substrate, the illumination apparatus having:

(i) an array having at least a first and a second laser diode, each laser diode coupled to a channel in a laser light coupling element through an optical fiber; and

(ii) an illumination lens disposed to direct illumination from the coupling element onto the surface of the moving substrate.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the at least first and second laser diodes are amplitude-modulated.

14. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the at least first and second laser diodes are pulse-width modulated.

15. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the illumination apparatus further comprises a dithering apparatus.

16. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the illumination apparatus is a first illumination apparatus and further comprising a second illumination apparatus that directs illumination to the patterned substrate surface.