Methods for altering MRNA splicing and treating familial dysautonomia by administering kinetin, benzyladenine, and tocotrienols
This invention relates to methods for altering the splicing of mRNA in cells. In particular, this invention also relates to methods for increasing the ratio of wild type to misspliced forms of mRNA and corresponding encoded proteins in cells possessing a mutant gene encoding either the i) misspliced mRNA corresponding to the mutant protein or ii) a component in the splicing machinery responsible for processing the misspliced mRNA. In addition, this invention relates to treating individuals having a disorder associated with a misspliced mRNA, such as Familial Dysautonomia or Neurofibromatosis 1, by administering to such an individual a cytokinin such as kinetin.
1. A method of treating familial dysautonomia (FD) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a composition that comprises an effective concentration of a cytokinin selected from kinetin or benzyladenine.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is a mammal.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cytokinin is benzyladenine.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein neuronal degeneration is treated in the subject with FD.
6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising administering a tocotrienol to the subject.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the tocotrienol is selected from the group consisting of α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the tocotrienol is δ-tocotrienol.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the concentration of δ-tocotrienol in the blood of the subject is in the range of 0.25 μg/ml to 50 μg/ml.
10. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising administering (−)-epigallocatechin gallate to the subject.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the concentration of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate in the blood of the subject is in the range of 5 μg/ml to 60 μg/ml.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cytokinin is kinetin.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the concentration of kinetin in the blood of the subject is in the range of about 10 −6 M to 5×10 4 M.
14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein kinetin increases production of wild type IKAP mRNA transcript or increases levels of IKAP protein in the subject with FD.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the increase in the production of wild-type IKAP mRNA transcript or the increase in the levels of IKAP protein is determined by analyzing a biological sample of the subject.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the increase in the production of wild-type IKAP mRNA transcript or the increase in the levels of IKAP protein is determined by analyzing a blood, tissue, or cell sample of the subject.