Retrieval catheter with expandable tip
Catheters of the present disclosure include a catheter shaft and an expandable tip, which can retrieve materials slightly larger than an inner diameter of the catheter shaft. The tip may be expandable such that it can easily transform from a first size and shape to a second size and shape to aid in the retrieval of the materials (i.e., the thrombus, embolus, or foreign body). Catheter tips may be expanded by inflation, removal of a constraining member, or an input such as heat, light, or electrical energy.
1. A retrieval catheter, comprising:
an elongate shaft having a shaft lumen extending from a proximal end portion to a distal end portion of the elongate shaft;
an inflatable tip disposed at a distal end of the elongate shaft, the inflatable tip extending distally of the distal end and having an outer surface and an inner surface forming a tip lumen distally of the distal end;
wherein, in an expanded state, the inner surface is expanded radially outwardly relative to the inner surface in an unexpanded state;
wherein, in the unexpanded state, the inner surface is smoother than the outer surface and the outer surface is more textured than the inner surface;
wherein the inflatable tip comprises a spiral pathway between the inner surface and the outer surface and extending between a proximal end of the inflatable tip and a distal end of the inflatable tip; and
wherein (i) an entire length of the inner surface between the proximal end of the inflatable tip and the distal end of the inflatable tip and (ii) an entire length of the outer surface between the proximal end of the inflatable tip and the distal end of the inflatable tip are radially separated by the spiral pathway.
2. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein, in the unexpanded state, the inflatable tip has a cylindrical profile.
3. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein, in the expanded state, the inflatable tip has a frusticonical profile.
4. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the inner surface is more compliant than the outer surface.
5. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein, in the expanded state, the inflatable tip has a greater volume than in the unexpanded state.
6. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein in the unexpanded state, the inflatable tip has a first maximum outer cross-sectional dimension and wherein, in the expanded state, the inflatable tip has a second maximum outer cross-sectional dimension greater than the first maximum outer cross-sectional dimension.
7. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the inflatable tip is in fluid communication with a fluid source.
8. The catheter of claim 7 , further comprising a pump configured to controllably move fluid between the inflatable tip and the fluid source.
9. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the inflatable tip extends a greater longitudinal distance in the expanded state than in the unexpanded state.
10. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the inner surface is thicker than the outer surface.
11. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the inner surface is of a first material having a first modulus of elasticity and the outer surface is of a second material having a second modulus of elasticity, different from the first modulus of elasticity.
12. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein, in the expanded state, the inner surface is not expanded radially inwardly relative to the inner surface in the unexpanded state.
13. A method of treating a blood vessel, comprising:
advancing an elongate shaft within the vessel to a location adjacent an object within the vessel, the elongate shaft having a shaft lumen extending from a proximal end portion to a distal end portion of the elongate shaft;
inflating an inflatable tip disposed at a distal end of the elongate shaft and extending distally of the distal end with an outer surface and an inner surface to form a tip lumen distally of the distal end, the inflatable tip transitioning from an unexpanded state to an expanded state, such that the inner surface is expanded radially outwardly relative to the inner surface in the unexpanded state, wherein, in the unexpanded state, the inner surface is smoother than the outer surface and the outer surface is more textured than the inner surface, wherein the inflatable tip comprises a spiral pathway between the inner surface and the outer surface and extending, in the expanded state, between a proximal end of the inflatable tip and a distal end of the inflatable tip, wherein (i) an entire length of the inner surface between the proximal end of the inflatable tip and the distal end of the inflatable tip and (ii) an entire length of the outer surface between the proximal end of the inflatable tip and the distal end of the inflatable tip are radially separated by the spiral pathway; and
receiving the object into the shaft lumen through the tip lumen.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein inflating the inflatable tip comprises moving fluid from a fluid source to an interior region of the inflatable tip.
15. The method of claim 13 , whereby the inner surface and the outer surface of the inflatable tip expand radially outward.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein receiving the object comprises providing suction at the distal end of the elongate shaft.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inner surface is thicker than the outer surface.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inner surface is of a first material having a first modulus of elasticity and the outer surface is of a second material having a second modulus of elasticity, different from the first modulus of elasticity.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inner surface is not expanded radially inwardly when transitioning from the unexpanded state to the expanded state.