Method and system for treating produced water

1. A process for purification of produced water, the process comprising:

providing a closed loop cation exchange unit and a closed loop anion exchange unit, the cation exchange unit and the anion exchange unit connected in series through an intermediate degasifier,

the cation exchange unit comprising a cation resin bed,

the anion exchange unit comprising an anion resin bed,

each of the exchange units further comprising a plurality of treatment zones, the treatment zones comprising at least an adsorption zone, a rinse zone, a regeneration zone, a pulsing zone and a backwash zone;

flowing a volume of the produced water through the adsorption zone of the cation exchange unit to remove cations comprising Na+ from the produced water and produce an acidic decationized effluent;

in the regeneration zone of the cation exchange unit, regenerating the cation resin bed by contacting it with an acid regenerant;

in the degasifier, releasing carbon dioxide gas from the acidic decationized effluent to produce an acidic degasified effluent;

producing deionized treated water having a neutral pH by flowing a volume of the acidic degasified effluent through the adsorption zone of the anion exchange unit, and

in the regeneration zone of the anion exchange unit, regenerating the anion resin bed by contacting it with a caustic regenerant,

wherein the regenerated anion resin bed is rinsed in a two-stage process, comprising:

i) in a first stage, piping a slip stream flow of the acidic degasified effluent through the rinse zone of the anion exchange unit; and

ii) in a second stage, passing a stream of the deionized treated water through the rinse zone of the anion exchange unit,

wherein after the anion resin bed is regenerated, acidic degasified effluent and the deionized treated water which were used in the anion resin rinsing zone are collected and discharged through a rinse tail outlet collector as a rinse tail stream, wherein the rinse tail outlet collector is positioned within the rinse zone and above a caustic regenerant inlet distributor to prevent dilution of the caustic regenerant while rinsing the anion resin bed,

wherein the rinse tail outlet collector and the caustic regenerant inlet distributor are located in a portion of the closed loop anion exchange unit where the resin moves upwardly, and

wherein the rinse zone is positioned between the adsorption zone and the regeneration zone.

2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising recycling the acidic degasified effluent from the rinse tail to a feed tank.

3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising regenerating the cation resin bed by diverting a stream of the acidic degasified effluent for preventing the evolution of carbon dioxide gas within the cation resin bed.

4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the acid regenerant is selected from the group consisting of HCl, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , H 3 PO 4 , H 2 CO 3 , citric acid, methane sulfonic acid and acetic acid.

5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cation resin bed further comprises a strong acid cation resin bed.

6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the anion resin bed further comprises a weak base anion resin bed.

7. The process of claim 1 , further comprising an inline process for inhibiting biofouling and/or treating biofoulant within the regeneration zone of the anion exchange unit, the inline process comprising scrubbing the anion resin bed with a caustic brine solution.

8. The process of claim 1 , wherein upon the condition that the produced water is pre-treated using reverse osmosis (RO) and a RO concentrate is produced, the process further comprises:

a. storing the RO concentrate in a feed tank; and

b. recycling a sufficiently large volume of the deionized treated water internally to the feed tank to dilute the RO concentrate.

9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the RO concentrate dilution is for mitigating an excessive evolution of carbon dioxide in the cation exchange unit.

10. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the anion exchange unit and the cation exchange unit operates with continuous counter-current flow.

11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the produced water comprises elevated levels of total dissolved solids, Na+, carbonate and Cl − ions.

12. The process of claim 1 , further comprising adding calcium salt to the deionized treated water to buffer it prior to discharge.

13. A process for purification of produced water, the process comprising:

providing a closed loop cation exchange unit and a closed loop anion exchange unit, the cation exchange unit and the anion exchange unit connected in series through an intermediate degasifier,

the cation exchange unit comprising a cation resin bed,

the anion exchange unit comprising an anion resin bed,

each of the exchange units further comprising a plurality of treatment zones, the treatment zones comprising at least an adsorption zone, a rinse zone, a regeneration zone, a pulsing zone and a backwash zone;

flowing a volume of the produced water through the adsorption zone of the cation exchange unit to remove cations comprising Na+ from the produced water and produce an acidic decationized effluent comprising carbon dioxide gas;

in the regeneration zone of the cation exchange unit, regenerating the cation resin bed by contacting it with an acid regenerant;

discharging a spent acidic brine solution from the regeneration zone of the cation exchange unit;

in the degasifier, releasing the carbon dioxide gas from the cation exchange unit acidic effluent to produce an acidic degasified effluent;

regenerating the cation resin bed by further diverting a stream of the acidic degasified effluent, the acidic degasified effluent controlling the evolution of carbon dioxide within the cation resin bed;

producing deionized treated water having a neutral pH by flowing a volume of the acidic degasified effluent through the adsorption zone of the anion exchange unit;

in the regeneration zone of the anion exchange unit, regenerating the anion resin bed by contacting it with a caustic regenerant;

rinsing the regenerated anion resin bed in a two-stage process, the process comprising:

i) in a first stage, piping a slip stream flow of the acidic degasified effluent through the rinse zone of the anion exchange unit; and

ii) in a second stage, passing a stream of the deionized treated water through the rinse zone of the anion exchange unit, and

iii) discharging a spent caustic brine solution from the regeneration zone of the anion exchange unit,

wherein after the anion resin bed is regenerated, acidic degasified effluent and the deionized treated water which were used in the anion resin rinsing zone are collected and discharged through a rinse tail outlet collector as a rinse tail stream, wherein the rinse tail outlet collector is positioned within the rinse zone and above a caustic regenerant inlet distributor to prevent dilution of the caustic regenerant while rinsing the anion resin bed,

wherein the rinse tail outlet collector and the caustic regenerant inlet distributor are located in a portion of the closed loop anion exchange unit where the resin moves upwardly, and

wherein the rinse zone is positioned between the adsorption zone and the regeneration zone.

14. The process of claim 13 , further comprising combining the spent acidic brine solution and the spent alkaline brine solution into a solution, and purifying the combined brine solution.

15. The process of claim 14 , further comprising converting the purified brine solution into an acid and caustic, a portion of the acid recycled to the cation exchange unit and a portion of the caustic recycled to the anion exchange unit.

16. A process for purification of produced water, the process comprising:

providing a closed loop cation exchange unit and a closed loop anion exchange unit, the cation exchange unit and the anion exchange unit connected in series through an intermediate degasifier,

the cation exchange unit comprising a cation resin bed,

the anion exchange unit comprising an anion resin bed,

each of the exchange units further comprising a plurality of treatment zones, the treatment zones comprising at least an adsorption zone, a rinse zone, a regeneration zone, a pulsing zone and a backwash zone;

flowing a volume of the produced water through the adsorption zone of the cation exchange unit to remove cations comprising Na+ from the produced water and produce an acidic decationized effluent comprising carbon dioxide gas;

in the regeneration zone of the cation exchange unit, regenerating the cation resin bed by contacting it with an acid regenerant;

discharging a spent acidic brine solution from the regeneration zone of the cation exchange unit;

in the degasifier, releasing the carbon dioxide gas from the cation exchange unit acidic effluent to produce an acidic degasified effluent;

facilitating recovery of the released carbon dioxide gas as a carbonate salt byproduct;

producing deionized treated water having a neutral pH by flowing a volume of the acidic degasified effluent through the adsorption zone of the anion exchange unit;

in the regeneration zone of the anion exchange unit, regenerating the anion resin bed by contacting it with a caustic regenerant;

rinsing the regenerated anion resin bed in a two-stage process, the process comprising:

i) in a first stage, piping a slip stream flow of the acidic degasified effluent through the rinse zone of the anion exchange unit; and

ii) in a second stage, passing a stream of the deionized treated water through the rinse zone of the anion exchange unit, and

iii) discharging a spent caustic brine solution from the regeneration zone of the anion exchange unit,

wherein after the anion resin bed is regenerated, acidic degasified effluent and the deionized treated water which were used in the anion resin rinsing zone are collected and discharged through a rinse tail outlet collector as a rinse tail stream, wherein the rinse tail outlet collector is positioned within the rinse zone and above a caustic regenerant inlet distributor to prevent dilution of the caustic regenerant while rinsing the anion resin bed,

wherein the rinse tail outlet collector and the caustic regenerant inlet distributor are located in a portion of the closed loop anion exchange unit where the resin moves upwardly, and

wherein the rinse zone is positioned between the adsorption zone and the regeneration zone.

17. The process of claim 16 , wherein upon the condition that the produced water is pre-treated using reverse osmosis (RO) and a RO concentrate is produced, the process further comprises:

a. storing the RO concentrate in a feed tank; and

b. recycling a sufficiently large volume of the deionized treated water internally to the feed tank to dilute the RO concentrate.