Tunable hot-electron transfer within a nanostructure
Provided are multimaterial devices, such as coaxial nanowires, that effect hot photoexcited electron transfer across the interface of the materials. Modulation of the transfer rates, manifested as a large tunability of the voltage onset of negative differential resistance and of voltage-current phase, may be effected by modulating electrostatic gating, incident photon energy, and the incident photon intensity. Dynamic manipulation of this transfer rate permits the introduction and control of an adjustable phase delay within a device element.
1. An electronic device, comprising:
a semiconductor structure supported by a substrate,
the semiconductor structure comprising a first material and a second material contacting one another, the first and second materials being arranged in a non-planar configuration,
the second material comprising a binary or ternary inorganic or organic semiconductor material,
the second material having a valence bandgap, conduction bandgap, or both that are broader than the corresponding band of the first material,
wherein when the second material is a binary inorganic or organic semiconductor material, the first material is an elemental inorganic or organic semiconductor material, and when the second material is a ternary inorganic or organic semiconductor material, the first material is an elemental or binary in organic or organic semiconductor material,
and
the structure being in electronic communication with a source electrode and a drain electrode;
and,
a source of illumination in optical communication with the structure, the source of illumination having a controllable intensity, wavelength, or both,
wherein said device produces tunable negative differential resistance modulation, phase modulation, or both in response to varying the intensity or wavelength received from the source of illumination.
2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first material of the semiconductor structure is in electronic communication with a source electrode and a drain electrode.
3. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second materials are arranged in a core-shell configuration, with the first material being characterized as the core.
4. The electronic device of claim 3 , wherein the core-shell configuration defines a coaxial structure.
5. The electronic device of claim 4 , wherein the coaxial structure is characterized as being cylindrical, faceted, braided, twisted, or any combination thereof.
6. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises a thickness in the range of from about 1 nm to about 500 nm.
7. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the second material comprises a thickness in the range of from about 1 nm to about 500 nm.
8. The electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising a gate electrode in electronic communication with the semiconductor structure.
9. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises a binary inorganic or organic semiconductor material.
10. The electronic device of claim 9 , wherein the first material comprises GaAs.
11. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the second material comprises AlGaAs.
12. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises silicon, sapphire, or any combination thereof.
13. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the device is in electronic communication with a complementary metal oxide semiconductor.
14. The electronic device of claim 9 wherein the second material comprises a ternary inorganic or organic semiconductor material.