Discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface
A method of interfacing atmospheric pressure ion sources, including electrospray and desorption electrospray ionization sources, to mass spectrometers, for example miniature mass spectrometers, in which the ionized sample is discontinuously introduced into the mass spectrometer. Discontinuous introduction improves the match between the pumping capacity of the instrument and the volume of atmospheric pressure gas that contains the ionized sample. The reduced duty cycle of sample introduction is offset by operation of the mass spectrometer under higher performance conditions and by ion accumulation at atmospheric pressure.
1. An analysis system, the system comprising:
an ionizing source that generates a continuous flow of gas phase ions in atmosphere;
a discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface that receives the gas phase ions from the ionizing source; and
a mass analyzer of a miniature mass spectrometer that discontinuously receives ions from the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface without the ions passing through any intermediate vacuum stages, the system being configured such that the mass analyzer is periodically open to atmosphere for a period of time that causes the pressure in the mass analyzer to increase above a pressure at which mass analysis or ion manipulation can be conducted and is periodically prevented from receiving any ions while the mass analyzer is evacuated to a pressure at which mass analysis or ion manipulation can be conducted.
2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface comprises a valve.
3. The system according to claim 2 , further comprising a computer operably connected to the system, wherein the computer contains a processor configured to execute a computer readable program, the program controlling the position of the valve.
4. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the valve operates to control entry of ions in a synchronized manner with respect to operation of the mass analyzer.
5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the ionizing source operates by a technique selected from the group consisting of: electrospray ionization, nano-electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, desorption electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge ionization, atmospheric pressure low temperature plasma desorption ionization, laser-assisted electrospray ionization, and electrospray-assisted laser desorption ionization.
6. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the miniature mass spectrometer is a handheld mass spectrometer.
7. A method of analyzing a sample, the method comprising:
generating a continuous flow of gas phase ions from a sample in atmosphere;
discontinuously transferring the ions to a mass analyzer of a miniature mass spectrometer without the ions passing through any intermediate vacuum stages and in a manner in which the mass analyzer is periodically open to atmosphere for a period of time that causes the pressure in the mass analyzer to increase above a pressure at which mass analysis or ion manipulation can be conducted and is periodically prevented from receiving any ions while the mass analyzer is evacuated to a pressure at which mass analysis or ion manipulation can be conducted; and
analyzing the ions transferred into the mass analyzer.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein discontinuously transferring comprises
opening a valve connected to the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface, wherein opening of the valve allows for ions to pass through the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface to the mass analyzer of the miniature mass spectrometer; and
closing the valve.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein a computer synchronizes the opening and the closing of the valve with a sequence of mass analysis of the ions.
10. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the miniature mass spectrometer is a handheld mass spectrometer.
11. An analysis system, the system comprising:
an ionizing source that generates a spray of gas phase ions in atmosphere;
a discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface that receives the gas phase ions from the ionizing source; and
a mass analyzer of a miniature mass spectrometer that discontinuously receives ions from the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface without the ions passing through any intermediate vacuum stages, the system being configured such that the mass analyzer is periodically open to atmosphere for a period of time that causes the pressure in the mass analyzer to increase above a pressure at which mass analysis or ion manipulation can be conducted and is periodically prevented from receiving any ions while the mass analyzer is evacuated to a pressure at which mass analysis or ion manipulation can be conducted.
12. The system according to claim 11 , wherein the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface comprises a valve.
13. The system according to claim 12 , further comprising a computer operably connected to the system, wherein the computer contains a processor configured to execute a computer readable program, the program controlling the position of the valve.
14. The system according to claim 12 , wherein the valve operates to control entry of ions in a synchronized manner with respect to operation of the mass analyzer.
15. The system according to claim 12 , wherein the spray is a continuous spray.
16. The system according to claim 11 , wherein the spray is a discontinuous spray.
17. The system according to claim 11 , wherein the ionizing source operates by a technique of nano-electrospray ionization or pulsed nano-electrospray ionization.
18. The system according to claim 11 , wherein the miniature mass spectrometer is a handheld mass spectrometer.
19. A method of analyzing a sample, the method comprising:
generating a spray of gas phase ions from a sample in atmosphere;
discontinuously transferring the ions to a mass analyzer of a miniature mass spectrometer without the ions passing through any intermediate vacuum stages and in a manner in which the mass analyzer is periodically open to atmosphere for a period of time that causes the pressure in the mass analyzer to increase above a pressure at which mass analysis or ion manipulation can be conducted and is periodically prevented from receiving any ions while the mass analyzer is evacuated to a pressure at which mass analysis or ion manipulation can be conducted; and
analyzing the ions transferred into the mass analyzer.
20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein discontinuously transferring comprises
opening a valve connected to the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface, wherein opening of the valve allows for ions to pass through the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface to the mass analyzer of the miniature mass spectrometer; and
closing the valve.
21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein a computer synchronizes the opening and the closing of the valve with a sequence of mass analysis of the ions.
22. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the miniature mass spectrometer is a handheld mass spectrometer.
23. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the spray is a continuous spray.
24. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the spray is a discontinuous spray.
25. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the ionizing source operates by a technique of nano-electrospray ionization or pulsed nano-electrospray ionization.