Toner, developer, process cartridge, image forming method, and image forming apparatus
A toner obtained by a method for producing a toner, which includes dissolving or dispersing in an organic solvent a toner material containing at least a binder resin, and a dispersion liquid of a crystalline polyester resin, so as to prepare a solution or dispersion liquid of the toner material, emulsifying or dispersing the solution or dispersion liquid of the toner material in an aqueous medium, so as to prepare an emulsion or dispersion liquid, and removing the organic solvent from the emulsion or dispersion liquid, wherein the crystalline polyester resin is localized near a surface of the toner.
1. A toner comprising a binder resin and a crystalline polyester resin,
wherein the crystalline polyester resin is localized near a surface of the toner.
2. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline polyester resin is localized within a 1 μm-depth from an outermost surface of the toner.
3. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline polyester resin has a needle shape.
4. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline polyester resin has an average particle diameter of 10 nm to 500 nm.
5. The toner of claim 1 , comprising 1 part by mass to 30 parts by mass of the crystalline polyester resin, relative to 100 parts by mass of the toner.
6. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the toner has an average circularity of 0.95 to 0.99.
7. A method for producing a toner, comprising:
dissolving or dispersing in an organic solvent a toner material comprising (i) a binder resin and (ii) a dispersion liquid of a crystalline polyester resin, to obtain a solution or dispersion liquid of the toner material,
emulsifying or dispersing the solution or dispersion liquid of the toner material in an aqueous medium, to obtain an emulsion or dispersion liquid, and
removing the organic solvent from the emulsion or dispersion liquid, to obtain a toner,
wherein a value calculated by subtracting Dw1 from Dw2 is 1 μm or less, and
wherein Dw1 is a weight average particle diameter of the toner just before completion of emulsification in the emulsifying or dispersing, and Dw2 is a weight average particle diameter of the toner obtained in the removing of the organic solvent.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the crystalline polyester resin has an average particle diameter of 10 nm to 500 nm.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the solution or dispersion liquid of the toner material comprises a cationic compound, and the aqueous medium comprises fine anionic resin particles having an average particle diameter of 5 μm to 50 μm and an anionic surfactant.
10. A developer comprising a toner, wherein the toner comprises a binder resin and a crystalline polyester resin, and wherein the crystalline polyester resin is localized near a surface of the toner.
11. The toner of claim 1 , obtained by a process comprising:
dissolving or dispersing in an organic solvent a toner material comprising (i) a binder resin and (ii) a dispersion liquid of the crystalline polyester resin, to obtain a solution or dispersion liquid of the toner material,
emulsifying or dispersing the solution or dispersion liquid of the toner material in an aqueous medium, to obtain an emulsion or dispersion liquid, and
removing the organic solvent from the emulsion or dispersion liquid, to obtain the toner.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the toner material further comprises (iii) a compound having an active hydrogen group and (iv) a modified polyester resin reactive with the compound.
13. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline polyester resin has a weight average molecular weight Mw of 3000 to 30,000, a number average molecular weight Mn of 1000 to 10,000, and a ratio Mw/Mn in a range of 1 to 10.
14. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline polyester resin has a weight average molecular weight Mw of 5000 to 15,000, a number average molecular weight Mn of 2000 to 10,000, and a ratio Mw/Mn in a range of 1 to 5.
15. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the binder resin is a polyester resin.
16. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the toner has a volume average particle diameter of 1 μm to 6 μm.
17. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the toner has a volume average particle diameter of 2 μm to 5 μm.
18. The toner of claim 1 , wherein a ratio, Dw/Dn, of a weight average particle diameter Dw of the toner, to a number average particle diameter Dn of the toner, is in a range of 1.05 to 1.25.
19. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the toner has a BET specific surface area of 0.5 m 2 /g to 4.0 m 2 /g.
20. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the toner has a BET specific surface area of 0.5 m 2 /g to 2.0 m 2 /g.