Formation of conductive polymers using nitrosyl ion as an oxidizing agent
A method of forming a conductive polymer deposit on a substrate is disclosed. The method may include the steps of preparing a composition comprising monomers of the conductive polymer and a nitrosyl precursor, contacting the substrate with the composition so as to allow formation of nitrosyl ion on the exterior surface of the substrate, and allowing the monomer to polymerize into the conductive polymer, wherein the polymerization is initiated by the nitrosyl ion and the conductive polymer is deposited on the exterior surface of the substrate. The conductive polymer may be polypyrrole.
1. A method of forming a conductive polymer deposit on a substrate, the method comprising:
preparing a composition comprising monomers of the conductive polymer and a nitrosyl precursor, the nitrosyl precursor being a nitrite;
contacting the substrate with the composition so as to allow formation of nitrosyl ion from the nitrite only on the exterior surface of the substrate, the substrate comprising a proton-donating surface or a proton-preloaded surface that serves as the only proton source used to convert the nitrite to the nitrosyl ion; and
allowing the monomers to polymerize into the conductive polymer, the polymerization being initiated by the nitrosyl ion generated at the exterior surface of the substrate, and the conductive polymer being deposited only on the exterior surface of the substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the proton-donating surface comprises a metal oxide surface with surface hydroxyl groups.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a mesoporous silica or aluminosilica material.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrosyl precursor reacts with the proton from the surface of the substrate to produce the nitrosyl ion.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monomers comprises pyrrole or thiophene.
6. A method of forming a conductive polymer deposit on a working electrode, the method comprising:
preparing a composition comprising monomers of the conductive polymer and a nitrosyl precursor, the nitrosyl precursor being a nitrate;
contacting the working electrode with the composition while applying a cathodic bias at the working electrode so as to allow formation of nitrosyl ion from the nitrate only at the exterior surface of the working electrode;
allowing the monomers to polymerize into the conductive polymer at the working electrode having the cathodic bias applied thereto, the polymerization being initiated by the nitrosyl ion generated at the exterior surface of the working electrode; and
allowing cathodic deposition of the conductive polymer on the working electrode.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the working electrode reduces the nitrate to a nitrite when the working electrode contacts the composition, and wherein the nitrite reacts with a proton in solution to form the nitrosyl ion that initiates the polymerization of the conductive polymer at the exterior surface of the working electrode.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the electric potential bias is variable.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the monomers comprises pyrrole or thiophene.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the composition further comprises a metal salt and the cathodic bias applied to the working electrode allows cathodic deposition of inorganic particles derived from the metal salt with the conductive polymer on the working electrode.