Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (fah)-deficient pigs and uses thereof
Described herein is the generation of Fah +/− heterozygote pigs by homologous recombination and somatic cell nuclear transfer, and a method for producing Fah −/− homozygote pigs. The Fah-deficient pigs of the disclosure can be used for a variety of research and therapeutic purposes, such as for the expansion of human hepatocytes, and as large animal models of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
1. A method of expanding human hepatocytes in vivo, comprising: (i) transplanting human hepatocytes or human hepatocyte precursor cells into a Fah-deficient pig, wherein the Fah-deficient pig is administered 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoro-methyl-benzoyl)-1,3 cyclohexanedione (NTBC) prior to transplantation at a dose sufficient to prevent liver dysfunction, and allowing the human hepatocytes to expand; or (ii) transplanting human hepatocytes or human hepatocyte precursor cells into a Fah-deficient pig fetus of a pregnant sow, wherein the sow pregnant with the Fah-deficient pig fetus is administered NTBC, and allowing the human hepatocytes to expand following birth of the Fah-deficient pig,
wherein the Fah-deficient pig or pig fetus comprises homozygous disruptions in the Fah gene such that the disruption results in loss of expression of functional FAH protein, thereby expanding the human hepatocytes.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human hepatocytes are allowed to expand in the Fah-deficient pig for at least about 2 weeks, at least about 4 weeks, at least about 2 months, at least about 4 months, at least about 6 months or at least about 8 months.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Fah-deficient pig is further administered NTBC for at least two days, at least three days, at least four days, at least five days or at least six days following hepatocyte transplantation.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein NTBC is administered to the Fah-deficient pig at a dose of about 0.2 mg/kg to about 2.0 mg/kg per day.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein NTBC is administered to the Fah-deficient pig at a dose of about 1 mg/kg per day.
6. The method of claim 1 , comprising transplanting human hepatocytes or human hepatocyte precursor cells into the Fah-deficient pig, wherein the Fah-deficient pig is immunosuppressed.
7. The method of claim 1 , comprising transplanting human hepatocytes or human hepatocyte precursor cells into the Fah-deficient pig, wherein the human hepatocytes or human hepatocyte precursor cells are transplanted by injection into the hepatic artery, spleen or portal vein of the Fah-deficient pig.
8. The method of claim 1 , comprising transplanting human hepatocytes or human hepatocyte precursor cells into the Fah-deficient pig fetus, wherein the Fah-deficient pig fetus is surgically externalized to transplant the human hepatocytes or human hepatocyte precursor cells.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the human hepatocytes or human hepatocyte precursor cells are transplanted at about day 35 to about day 45 of gestation of the pig.
10. The method of claim 1 , comprising transplanting human hepatocytes or human hepatocyte precursor cells into the Fah-deficient pig fetus, wherein the human hepatocytes or human hepatocyte precursor cells are transplanted by injection into the umbilical vein of the Fah-deficient pig fetus.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein about 100,000 to about 1×10 8 human hepatocytes or human hepatocyte precursor cells are injected.
12. The method of claim 1 , comprising transplanting human hepatocytes or human hepatocyte precursor cells into the Fah-deficient pig fetus, wherein the Fah-deficient pig is administered NTBC after birth.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising collecting the expanded human hepatocytes from the Fah-deficient pig.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising expanding the collected human hepatocytes by serial transplantation.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human hepatocyte precursor cells are derived from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.