Methods and kits to predict therapeutic outcome of BTK inhibitors
Methods of tests that assess the expression of DPC4 (SMAD4) to identify subjects with pancreatic cancer that are likely or unlikely to respond to treatment with BTK inhibitors; methods of treating subjects based on identification of the subjects as likely to respond to treatment with BTK inhibitors; therapeutic targets for cancers, particularly cancers with inactivated DPC4 gene or protein; methods of screening of new therapeutic agents using the target; pharmaceutical composition comprising BTK inhibitors, such as PCI-32765 or derivatives thereof, for cancer treatment; and kits that facilitate the performance of the methods are disclosed.
1. A method of treating a human subject with at least one of pancreatic cancer and colon cancer, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving a sample from the human subject, wherein the sample is selected from the group consisting of serum from the human subject, a cell from the human subject, a pancreas biopsy from the human subject, and a portion of a metastatic tumor from the human subject;
isolating RNA from the sample;
adding a first reagent capable of specific binding to a marker consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to a mixture comprising the RNA;
subjecting the mixture to conditions that allow detection of the binding of the first reagent to the marker;
determining based on detection of the binding of the first reagent to the marker that the expression level of the marker is reduced compared to the expression level of the marker in a control sample; and
administering to the human subject a Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first reagent comprises a first oligonucleotide.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising adding reverse transcriptase to the mixture and allowing the formation of a cDNA template comprising the marker; adding a second oligonucleotide and a third oligonucleotide to the mixture, wherein the second oligonucleotide and the third oligonucleotide bind to opposite strands of the cDNA template; and performing nucleic acid amplification.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the second oligonucleotide is capable of binding to the 5→3′ strand of the cDNA template.
5. The method of claim 3 further comprising adding a fourth oligonucleotide to the mixture wherein the fourth oligonucleotide binds to the cDNA template between binding locations of the second oligonucleotide and a third oligonucleotide.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the BTK inhibitor is PCI-32765.
7. The method of claim 1 and further comprising sequencing the RNA isolated from the sample.