Composite oxygen transport membrane
A method of producing a composite oxygen ion membrane and a composite oxygen ion membrane in which a porous fuel oxidation layer and a dense separation layer and optionally, a porous surface exchange layer are formed on a porous support from mixtures of (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and a doped zirconia. In the porous fuel oxidation layer and the optional porous surface exchange layer, A is Calcium and in the dense separation layer A is not Calcium and, preferably is Strontium. Preferred materials are (La 0.8 Ca 0.2 ) 0.95 Cr 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 3-δ for the porous fuel oxidation and optional porous surface exchange layers and (La 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 0.95 Cr 0.5 Fe 0.5 O 3-δ for the dense separation layer. The use of such materials allows the membrane to sintered in air and without the use of pore formers to reduce membrane manufacturing costs. The use of materials, as described herein, for forming the porous layers have application for forming any type of porous structure, such as a catalyst support.
1. A method of producing an oxygen ion composite membrane comprising:
forming a first layer on a porous support containing a first mixture of particles of (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and doped zirconia and substantially free of pore formers, where Ln is La, Y, Pr, Ce or Sm; A is Ca, B is Fe, Mn, Co, Al, Ti or combinations thereof; w is 0.9-1.1; x is 0.1-0.4 and y is 0.1-0.6;
forming a second layer on the first layer that contains a second mixture of particles of (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and the doped zirconia, where Ln is La, Y, Pr, Ce or Sm; A is Sr; and B is Fe, Mn, Co, Al, Ti or combinations thereof; w is 0.9-1.1; x is 0.1-0.3 and y is 0.1-0.6; and
heating the first layer, the second layer and the porous support so that said first layer partially sinters into a porous mass containing the first mixture of particles, thereby to provide a porous fuel oxidation layer and the second layer fully sinters into a densified mass containing the second mixture of particles, thereby to provide a dense separation layer;
wherein the partially sintered first layer contains (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and doped zirconia in a first volume ratio of between 2 to 3 and 4 to 1 on a volume percentile basis; and
wherein the sintered second layer contains (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and doped zirconia in a second volume ratio of between 1 to 4 and 3 to 2 on a volume percentile basis.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
forming a third layer on the second layer containing a third mixture of particles of (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and doped zirconia and substantially free of pore formers, where Ln is La, Y, Pr, Ce or Sm; A is Ca; B is Fe, Mn, Co, Al, Ti or combinations thereof; w is <0.9-1.1; x is 0.1-0.4 and y is 0.1-0.6;
heating the third layer so that said third layer partially sinters into a porous mass containing the third mixture of particles, thereby to provide a porous surface exchange layer;
wherein the partially sintered third layer contains (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and doped zirconia in a third volume ratio of between 1 to 3 and 3 to 1 on a volume percentile basis.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first mixture also contains particles of Ce 1-x A x O 2 where A is Gd or Sm; and x is 0.1-0.4.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the doped zirconia is 10Sc1YSZ.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ within the first mixture of particles and the third mixture of particles is (La 1-x Ca x ) w Cr 1-y Mn y O 3-δ , where x is 0.2 and y is 0.5;
the (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and 10Sc1YSZ within the second mixture of particles is (La 1-x Sr x ) w Cr 1-y Fe y O 3-δ , where x is 0.2 and y is 0.5; and
the sintered porous support is formed from doped zirconium oxide or a mixture of MgO and MgAl 2 O 4 .
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first volume ratio is 3 to 2, the second volume ratio is 2 to 3 and the third volume ratio is 1 to 1.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the porous support is of tubular configuration.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein:
the porous support is formed of 3YSZ and fired at a temperature of 1000° C. so that it is not fully sintered prior to forming the first layer on the porous support;
the first layer after having been formed on the porous support is fired at a temperature of 950° C. to remove binder from the first mixture; and
the first layer, the second layer and the porous support are sintered at a temperature of 1400° C.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the third layer is sintered at a temperature of between 1300° C. and 1400° C.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first layer, the second layer and the third layer are sintered at a temperature of 1400° C.
11. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first layer, the second layer and the third layer are formed by slurry coating.
12. A method of producing a porous material comprising:
forming a mixture of particles of (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and doped zirconia and that is substantially free of pore formers, where Ln is La, Y, Pr, Ce or Sm; A is Ca; B is Fe, Mn, Co, Al, Ti or combinations thereof; w is <0.9-1.1; x is 0.2-0.4 and y is 0.1-0.6; and
sintering the first mixture in air at a temperature of <1300° C.;
wherein the sintered first mixture contains (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and doped zirconia in a first volume ratio of between 1 to 4 and 4 to 1 on a volume percentile basis.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the doped zirconia is 10Sc1YSZ.
14. An oxygen ion composite membrane comprising:
first and second layers on a porous support providing a porous fuel oxidation layer and a dense separation layer, respectively, for the oxygen ion composite membrane;
each of the first and second layers containing a mixture of (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and doped zirconia, where for the first of the layers, Ln is La, Y, Pr, Ce or Sm; A is Ca; B is Fe, Mn, Co, Al, Ti or combinations thereof; w is <0.9-1.1; x is 0.1-0.4; and y is 0.1-0.6 and for the second of the layers, A is Sr; and B is Fe, Mn, Co, Al or combinations thereof; w is <0.9-1.1; x is 0.1-0.3; and y is 0.1-0.6;
the first of the layers containing (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and doped zirconia in a first volume ratio of between 2 to 3 and 4 to 2 on a volume percentile basis; and the second of the layers containing (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and doped zirconia in a second volume ratio of between 1 to 4 and 3 to 2 on a volume percentile basis.
15. The oxygen ion composite membrane of claim 14 , wherein:
a third layer is situated on the second layer to form a porous surface exchange layer and that also contains the mixture of (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and the doped zirconia, where Ln is La, Y, Pr, Ce or Sm; A is Ca; B is Fe, Mn, Co, Al, Ti or combinations thereof; w is <0.9-1.1; x is 0.1-0.4; and y is 0.1-0.6; and
the third layer containing (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ and doped zirconia in a third volume ratio of between 1 to 3 and 3 to 1 on a volume percentile basis.
16. The oxygen ion composite membrane of claim 15 , wherein the first mixture also contains particles of Ce 1-x A x O 2 where A is Gd or Sm and x is 0.1-0.4.
17. The oxygen ion composite membrane of claim 16 , wherein the doped zirconia is 10Sc1YSZ.
18. The oxygen ion composite membrane of claim 17 , wherein:
the (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ within the first layer and the third layer is (La 1-x Ca x ) w Cr 1-y Mn y O 3-δ , where x is 0.2 and y is 0.5;
the (Ln 1-x A x ) w Cr 1-y B y O 3-δ within the second layer is (La 1-x Sr x ) w Cr 1-y Fe y O 3-δ , where x is 0.2 and y is 0.5; and
the sintered porous support is formed from stabilized zirconia oxide or a mixture of MgO and MgAl 2 O 4 .
19. The oxygen ion composite membrane of claim 15 , wherein the porous support is of a tubular configuration and wherein the first volume ratio is 3 to 2, the second volume ratio is 2 to 3 and the third volume ratio is 1 to 1.