Pre-charged CMUTs for zero-external-bias operation
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) having a pre-charged floating electrode are provided. Such CMUTs can operate without an applied DC electrical bias. Charge can be provided to the floating electrode after or during fabrication in various ways, such as injection by an applied voltage, and injection by ion implantation.
1. A capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) comprising:
a substrate;
a CMUT plate disposed above the substrate;
a substrate electrode disposed on the substrate;
a plate electrode disposed on the CMUT plate;
a floating electrode disposed either on the substrate or on the CMUT plate, wherein the floating electrode has no electrical connection to the substrate electrode or to the plate electrode; and
wherein an electrical DC bias of the CMUT is provided in part or in full by charges trapped on the floating electrode;
wherein the CMUT is configured as a transducer relating an electrical capacitance formed by the substrate electrode and the plate electrode to an acoustic deformation of the CMUT plate.
2. The CMUT of claim 1 , wherein the floating electrode has no electrical connection.
3. A method of making a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT), the method comprising:
providing a substrate;
providing a CMUT plate disposed above the substrate;
providing a substrate electrode disposed on the substrate;
providing a plate electrode disposed on the plate;
providing a floating electrode disposed either on the substrate or on the CMUT plate, wherein the floating electrode has no electrical connection to the substrate electrode or to the plate electrode; and
trapping charge on the floating electrode to provide part or all of an electrical DC bias of the CMUT;
wherein the CMUT is configured as a transducer relating an electrical capacitance formed by the substrate electrode and the plate electrode to an acoustic deformation of the CMUT plate.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the trapping charge comprises applying a voltage sufficient to inject charge onto the floating electrode.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the trapping charge comprises ion implantation of charges on the floating electrode.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the floating electrode has no electrical connection.