Methods of regulating uptake and transcellular transport of leukocytes and therapeutics
Methods for controlling and regulating engulfment, uptake and/or transcellular transport at a stage following initial engagement of an agent to the endothelium are provided, based on the identification of CAM-mediated endocytosis and the sphingomyelin/ceramide pathway as active steps in transcellular TEM. Administration of regulators relating to the identified pathways, such as NHE1, sphingomyelinases, acid sphingomyelinase and ceramide, permit control and regulation of uptake and transcellular transport. Control and regulation of uptake and/or transcellular transport is applicable in strategies to modulate inflammation, provide controlled and/or targeted delivery of agents, control pathogenic invasion, recover action of an inhibited CAM-mediated uptake or transendothelial pathway, or provide uptake or transendothelial transport by targeting cell surface markers other than ICAM-1.
1. A method of potentiating engulfment, uptake or transcellular migration of an agent,
wherein the agent is complexed to a carrier targeted to a non-ICAM cell surface molecule or receptor,
the method comprising administering a regulator of CAM-mediated endocytosis or the sphingomyelin/ceramide pathway, said regulator exogenously modulating the non-ICAM cell surface molecule or receptor,
wherein such administration is effective to enhance cellular uptake of the agent and/or transcellular transport of the agent via the non-ICAM cell surface molecule or receptor,
wherein the regulator is neutral sphingomyelinase; and
wherein the carrier is targeted to M6PR.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent comprises a drug.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of autologous white blood cells, foreign white blood cells, pathogens, drugs, research probes, analytical probes, molecular probes, diagnostic agents, therapeutic agents, biologically active agents, research agents, analytical agents, imaging agents, monitoring agents, enzymes, proteins, peptides, hormones, lipids, sugars, nucleic acids, lipoproteins, and chemicals.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is autologous white blood cells or foreign white blood cells.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is a pathogen.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is a diagnostic agent.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is a therapeutic agent.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is an imaging agent.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carrier s a polymer.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration of the regulator is in vitro.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration of the regulator is in vivo to a patient in need of such administration.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the administration of the regulator provides effective levels of the regulator to the endothelium of the patient.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the administration is parenteral administration, intraperitoneal administration, intravenous administration, intramuscular administration or subcutaneous administration.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-ICAM cell surface molecule or receptor mediates uptake via a clathrin-mediated pathway.