Vibration transducer and actuator
Disclosed herein are multiple embodiments of a vibration transducer and actuator which combine an upper piece, a lower piece, a permanent magnet, an electromagnet coil, and, in some embodiments, a spring spacer.
1. A vibration transducer and actuator, comprising:
an upper piece;
a lower piece;
a permanent magnet disposed between the upper and lower pieces;
an electromagnet coil disposed between the upper and lower pieces; and
a spring spacer disposed between the upper and lower pieces and including a continuous surface extending around its perimeter between a first edge adjacent the upper piece but not the lower piece and an opposite second edge adjacent the lower piece but not the upper piece, the spring spacer having a first plurality of openings formed in the first edge and a second plurality of openings formed in the second edge, the first and second plurality of openings allowing air to move freely therethrough into and out of a space between the upper and lower pieces;
wherein the upper and lower pieces are attracted toward one another with an attractive force due to a first magnetic field produced by the permanent magnet;
wherein the attraction between the upper and lower pieces causes the spring spacer to compress until a restorative force of the spring spacer balances the attractive force; and
wherein activation of the electromagnet coil causes addition or subtraction to the attractive force due to a second magnetic field produced by the electromagnet coil, moving the upper and lower pieces respectively closer together or farther apart, causing air to respectively be expelled from or drawn into the space between the upper and lower pieces through the at least one opening.
2. The vibration transducer and actuator of claim 1 , wherein the permanent magnet comprises a rare-earth magnet.
3. The vibration transducer and actuator of claim 2 , wherein the rare-earth magnet comprises a neodymium magnet.
4. The vibration transducer and actuator of claim 1 , wherein the upper piece and the lower piece are formed from a ferrous metal.
5. The vibration transducer and actuator of claim 4 , wherein the ferrous metal is low-carbon steel.
6. The vibration transducer and actuator of claim 1 , wherein the spring spacer is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of: rubber, silicone and metal.
7. The vibration transducer and actuator of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnet comprises one or more loops of wire.