Biaryl spiroaminooxazoline analogues as Alpha2C adrenergic receptor modulators

1. A compound represented by Formula I

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof

wherein:

wherein is a single bond when R 15 is present or double bond when R 15 is absent;

R 1 is a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with at least one R 12 ;

R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, —OH, halo, —CN, —NO 2 , —S(O) p R 7 , —NR 7 R 7′ , —S(O) p NR 7 R 7′ , and (═O), and alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl groups optionally substituted with at least one R 5 , provided that when w is 3, no more than 2 of the R 3 groups may be (═O);

R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, —OH, halo, —CN, —S(O) p R 7 , —NR 7 R 7′ and —S(O) p NR 7 R 7′ , and alkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl groups optionally substituted with at least one R 5 ;

R 4′ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, halo, —OH, and alkyl, deuterated alkyl and alkoxy; or

R 4 and R 4′ may be taken together to form (═O);

R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , —NR 7 R 7′ , and —S(O) p R 7 , and alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl groups, each of which is optionally substituted with at least one of halo, —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , —NR 7 R 7′ , and —S(O) p R 7 substituents and/or 1 or 2 (═O) groups,

R 7 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloclenyl, cyclocyclenylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, hetrocyclenyl, hetrocyclenylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkyl groups, each of which is optionally substituted one or more times by R 12 ;

R 7′ is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloclenyl, cyclocyclenylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, hetrocyclenyl, hetrocyclenylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkyl groups, each of which is optionally substituted one or more times by R 12 ; or

a) when a variable is —NR 7 R 7′ , —C(O)NR 7 R 7′ or —SO 2 NR 7 R 7′ , R 7 and R 7′ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached independently form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl or heteroaryl ring having, in addition to the N atom, 1 or 2 additional hetero atoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N, —N(R 9 )— and S, wherein said rings are optionally substituted by 1 to 5 independently selected R 12 moieties and/or 1 or 2 (═O) groups, or

b) when a variable is —(CH 2 ) q ON═CR 7 R 7′ , R 7 and R 7 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached independently form a 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl or heteroaryl ring, wherein said heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl or heteroaryl rings have 1-3 heteroatoms which are independently selected from the group consisting of O, N, —N(R 9 )— and S, wherein said rings are optionally substituted by 1 to 5 independently selected R 12 moieties and/or 1 or 2 (═O) groups,

R 9 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, —C(O)—R 19 , —C(O)—OR 10 , and —S(O) p —R 10 and alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkyl groups, each of which is optionally substituted with at least one of halo, —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , —N(R 11) 2 , and —S(O) p R 11 substituents and/or 1 or 2 (═O) groups; and

R 10 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, and alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkyl groups groups, each of which is optionally substituted with at least one of halo, —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , —N(R 11 ) 2 , and —S(O) p R 11 substituents and/or 1 or 2 (═O);

R 11 is a moiety independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by at least one substituent independently selected from the group consisting of halo, —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , —N(R 11 ) 2 , and —S(O) p R 11′ and/or 1 or 2 (═O) groups;

R 11′ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl;

R 12 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , —N(R 11 ) 2 , C(O)—OR 14 , —N(R 14 )—C(O)—R 14 , —N(R 14 )—C(O) 2 —R 14 , —C(O)—N(R 11 ) 2 , —N(R 14 )—S(O) 2 —R 11 , —S(O) 2 —N(R 11 ) 2 and —S(O) p R 11 and/or 1 or 2 (═O) groups, and alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, heterocyclenyloxy, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclenylalkyl, arylalkoxy, heteroarylalkoxy, heterocyclylalkoxy, and heterocyclenylalkoxy groups, each of which in turn is optionally substituted by at least once by a substituent selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, haloalkyl, halo, —OH, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclenyloxy, —CN, —NO 2 , —N(R 11 ) 2 , and —S(O) p R 11 and/or 1 or 2 (═O) groups, wherein said optionally substituted alkoxy, aryloxy, optionally substituted cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, and heterocyclenyloxy when substituted are substituted one or more times by R 11 ;

R 14 is independently H, alkyl, or aryl;

R 15 is absent or is independently selected from the group consisting of H, —C(O)—R 10 , —C(O)—OR 10 , —C(O)—N(R 7 )(R 7′ ), and —S(O) p —R 10 , SO 2 —NR 7 R 7′ and alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl groups, each of which is optionally substituted with at least one of halo, —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , —NR 7 R 7′ , and —S(O) p R 7 and/or 1 or 2 (═O) groups substituents, and —C(═O)R 7 , —C(═O)OR 7 , —C(═O)NR 7 R 7′ , —SO 2 R 10 and —SO 2 NR 7 R 7′ ;

q is independently an integer from 0-10;

p is independently an integer from 0-2; and

w is an integer from 0-3.

2. The compound according to claim 1 wherein

R 1 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted arylalkoxy, optionally substituted pyridyl, optionally substituted pyrimidyl, optionally substituted furanyl, optionally substituted thiophenyl, optionally substituted quinolinyl, optionally substituted indolyl, optionally substituted pyrrolyl, and optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl, optionally substituted pyrazolyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl, optionally substituted isoxazolyl, optionally substituted imidazole, optionally substituted pyridazinyl, optionally substituted pyrazinyl, optionally substituted tetrazolyl, optionally substituted imidazopyrimidinyl, optionally substituted thiazolyl, optionally substituted isothiazolyl, optionally substituted indazolyl, optionally substituted benzofuranyl, optionally substituted benzothiophenyl, optionally substituted isoquinolyl, optionally substituted benzimidazolyl, optionally substituted benzthiazolyl, optionally substituted quinoxalinyl, wherein said groups may be optionally substituted 1 to 3 times with substitutents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —C(O)-amino; —C(O)-alkylamino, —C(O)-dialkylamino, —C(O)—OH, —C(O)—Oalkyl, amino-C(O)-alkyl, amino-C(O)—O-alkyl, amino-S(O) 2 -alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein said aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted 1 to 3 times by alkyl, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkoxy, and haloalkoxyl;

R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, —OH, halo, and —CN, and alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl groups optionally substituted with at least one R 5 ;

R 4′ is independently selected from the group consisting of halo and alkyl;

R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , —NR 7 R 7′ , and —S(O) p R 7 , and alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl groups, each of which is optionally substituted with at least one of halo, —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , —NR 7 R 7′ , and —S(O) p R 7 substituents and/or 1 or 2 (═O);

R 7 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloclenyl, cyclocyclenylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, hetrocyclenyl, hetrocyclenylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkyl groups, each of which is optionally substituted one or more times by R 12 ;

R 7′ is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloclenyl, cyclocyclenylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, hetrocyclenyl, hetrocyclenylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkyl groups, each of which is optionally substituted one or more times by R 12 ;

R 11 is a moiety independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by at least one substituent independently selected from the group consisting of halo, —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , —N(R 11′ ) 2 , and —S(O) p R 11 substituents and/or 1 or 2 (═O);

R 11′ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl;

R 12 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , —N(R 11 ) 2 , and —S(O) p R 11 , and/or 1 or 2 (═O), and alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, heterocyclenyloxy, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclenylalkyl, arylalkoxy, heteroarylalkoxy, heterocyclylalkoxy, and heterocyclenylalkoxy groups, each of which in turn is optionally substituted by at least one by a substituent selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, haloalkyl, halo, —OH, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclenyloxy, —CN, —NO 2 , —N(R 11 ) 2 , and —S(O) p R 11 and/or 1 or 2 (═O), wherein said optionally substituted alkoxy, aryloxy, optionally substituted cycloalkoxy, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, and heterocyclenyloxy when substituted are substituted one or more times by R 11 ;

R 14 is independently selected from the group consisting of H or alkyl; and

R 15 is absent or selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkyl groups, each of which is optionally substituted with at least one halo, —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , —N(R 11 ) 2 , and —S(O) p R 11 and/or 1 or 2 (═O); and

q is 0 or 1,

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

3. The compound according to claim 2 , which has the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

4. The compound according to claim 3 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is a ring selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyrazole, pyrimidine, oxazole and isoxazole wherein said rings may be optionally substituted 1 to 3 times with substitutents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —C(O)-amino; —C(O)-alkylamino, —C(O)-dialkylamino, —C(O)—OH, —C(O)—Oalkyl, amino-C(O)-alkyl, amino-C(O)—O-alkyl, amino-S(O) 2 -alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein said aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted 1 to 3 times by alkyl, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;

and

R 15 is absent.

5. The compound according to claim 2 , which has the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

6. The compound according to claim 5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein

R 1 is a ring selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyrazole, pyrimidine, oxazole and isoxazole wherein said rings may be optionally substituted 1 to 3 times with substitutents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —C(O)-amino; —C(O)-alkylamino, —C(O)-dialkylamino, —C(O)—OH, —C(O)—Oalkyl, amino-C(O)-alkyl, amino-C(O)—O-alkyl, amino-S(O) 2 -alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein said aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted 1 to 3 times by alkyl, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;

and

R 15 is absent.

7. The following compounds

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, solvate or prodrug thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle, provided that when the composition is a liquid, aqueous composition one or more solubility enhancing components are excluded with the exception of cyclodextrin.

9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 8 , further comprising one or more additional therapeutic agents.

10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 , further comprising one or more additional therapeutic agents, wherein said additional therapeutic agents are selected from the group consisting of steroids, glucocorticosteroids, PDE-4 inhibitors, anti-muscarinic agents, muscle relaxants, cromolyn sodium, H 1 receptor antagonists, 5-HT 1 agonists, NSAIDs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor agonists, β-blockers, long and short acting β-agonists, leukotriene antagonists, diuretics, aldosterone antagonists, ionotropic agents, natriuretic peptides, pain management/analgesic agents, anti-anxiety agents, anti-migraine agents, sedatives, NMDA receptor antagonists, alpha-adrenergics not including alpha-1 receptor antagonists, anticonvulsants, tachykinin (NK) antagonists, COX-2 inhibitors, neuroleptics, vanilloid receptor agonists or antagonists, beta-adrenergics, local anaesthetic, corticosteroids, serotonin receptor agonists or antagonists, PDEV inhibitors, alpha-2-delta ligands, canabinoids and therapeutic agents suitable for treating heart conditions, psychotic disorders, or glaucoma.