Method for generating a stress reduction in erected tube walls of a steam generator
In the case of a method for the heat treatment of erected, preferably large-area tube wall regions or tube wall segments, in particular of a diaphragm wall, of a steam generator, in particular of a power plant, in the installed state, it is sought to provide a solution which permits the use of steel types which are more problematic with regard to power plant operation with elevated steam parameters, in particular the steels T23 and T24, in the erection of steam generators. This is achieved in that the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment are subjected, in the installed state in the steam generator, and in particular over a large area, to a stress-relief annealing process.
1. A method for the heat treatment of tube wall regions or tube wall segments of erected steam generator tube walls in their installed state surrounding a combustion chamber of a steam generator in a fossil-fired power plant, wherein large-area tube wall regions or tube wall segments have been welded together to form the erected steam generator tube walls, said method comprising:
subjecting substantially an entirety of the large-area tube wall regions or tube wall segments of said erected steam generator tube walls of the steam generator in the fossil-fired plant to a large-area heat treatment of a stress-relief annealing process while in their installed state surrounding the combustion chamber of the steam generator of the fossil-fired power plant by heating substantially the entirety of the large-area tube wall regions or tube wall segments with a warmed heating gas, a hot gas, a hot flue gas, or hot air;
generating, within the combustion chamber of the steam generator, the warmed heating gas, the hot gas, the hot flue gas, or the hot air through the combustion of a fuel, or introducing the warmed heating gas, the hot gas, the hot flue gas, or the hot air into at least one of the combustion chamber of the steam generator and the tubes of the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment; and
supplying the warmed heating gas, the hot gas, the hot flue gas, or the hot air to at least one of the outside and the inside of the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment as part of the stress-relief annealing process, wherein the tube wall regions or tube wall segments are part of a diaphragm wall.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel comprises a fossil fuel.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stress-relief annealing process comprises heating the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment to a material temperature selected from the group consisting of 400° C. to 600° C., 500° C. to 600° C., 550° C. to 700° C., and 550° C. to 600° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stress-relief annealing process comprises heating the tube wall regions or tube wall segments to a material temperature selected from the group consisting of 400° C. to 740° C. and 500° C. to 740° C.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the stress-relief annealing process comprises holding the tube wall regions or tube wall segments at a material temperature for a holding time of ≥12 hours.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the holding time is ≥24 hours.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the stress-relief annealing process comprises holding the tube wall regions or tube wall segments at a material temperature for a holding time of less than one week.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein, during the stress-relief annealing process, a material temperature at which the tube wall regions or tube wall segments is held, controlled, or regulated.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the stress-relief annealing process is adjusted and regulated by at least one of:
a measurement of expansion of the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment;
a measurement of a material temperature of the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment;
by adjustment and regulation of a combustion rate for generating the flue gas or the hot air or the hot gas; and
by adjustment and regulation of a throughflow rate of a cooling medium.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein, during the stress-relief annealing process, a material temperature at which the tube wall regions or tube wall segments is held and expansion of the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment is regulated by a medium selected from the group consisting of a cooling medium, a cooling medium flowing inside tubes of the tube wall region or tube wall segments, and air conducted into the tubes.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein, during the stress-relief annealing process, tube wall regions or tube wall segments not for heat treatment or adjoining tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment are cooled simultaneously from at least one of the outside and the inside using a cooling medium to a material temperature below a stress-relief annealing temperature.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the cooling medium comprises air or atomized water spray.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the cooling medium comprises cooling air.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein, during the stress-relief annealing process, both the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment and also, conductively connected thereto, tube wall regions or tube wall segments not for heat treatment are impinged on from the outside or from the inside by hot flue gas or hot air or hot gas and, for this purpose, are cooled reciprocally from the inside or from the outside by a cooling medium flowing through.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the cooling medium comprises cooling air.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the tube wall regions or tube wall segments comprise the material T23 or 7CrMoWVMoNb 9-6 or T24 or 7CrMoVTiB 10-10.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the tube wall regions or tube wall segments form part of a superheater of the steam generator of a power plant.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the stress-relief annealing process is performed after the tube wall regions for heat treatment have undergone repair work.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the stress-relief annealing process is performed after the tube wall regions for heat treatment have undergone a repair welding process.
20. A method for erecting tube walls, which surround a combustion chamber of a steam generator of a fossil-fired power plant, comprising:
placing manufactured tube wall regions or tube wall segments into their installation position, in which they surround the combustion chamber in the steam generator by arranging and erecting the manufactured tube wall regions or tube wall segments so as to surround the combustion chamber of the fossil-fired power plant;
welding the manufactured tube wall regions or tube wall segments together to form large-area formed erected steam generator tube walls; and
subsequently subjecting substantially an entirety of the manufactured tube wall regions or tube wall segments of the large-area formed erected tube walls in their installation position in the installed state in the steam generator, to a stress-relief annealing process by heating substantially the entirety of the large-area tube wall regions or tube wall segments with a warmed heating gas, a hot gas, a hot flue gas, or a hot air, wherein the stress-relief annealing process comprises:
generating, within the combustion chamber of the steam generator, the warmed heating gas, the hot gas, the hot flue gas, or the hot air through the combustion of a fuel, or introducing the warmed heating gas, the hot gas, the hot flue gas, or the hot air into at least one of the combustion chamber of the steam generator and the tubes of the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment, and
supplying the warmed heating gas, the hot gas, the hot flue gas, or the hot air to at least one of the outside and the inside of the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment as part of the stress-relief annealing process, wherein the tube wall regions or tube wall segments are part of a diaphragm wall.
21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the erected and installed tube wall regions or tube wall segments form a diaphragm wall and are subjected in their installed position in the installed state in the steam generator to the stress-relief annealing process.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stress-relief annealing process comprises heating the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat to a material temperature selected from the group consisting of ≥500° C. and ≥550° C.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stress-relief annealing process comprises heating the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat to a material temperature selected from the group consisting of ≤600° C. and ≤740° C.
24. The method according to claim 1 , wherein, during the stress-relief annealing process, expansion of the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment is controlled or regulated.
25. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the adjustment and regulation of the combustion rate for generating the warmed heating gas, the hot gas, the hot-flue gas, or the hot air is in the combustion chamber of the steam generator.
26. The method according to claim 1 , wherein, during the stress-relief annealing process, the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment and tube wall regions or tube wall segments not for heat treatment adjoining the tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment are cooled using a cooling medium flowing through or along the outside of conductively interconnected tube wall regions or tube wall segments for heat treatment and tube wall regions not for heat treatment.