High cis diene/phenylbutadiene copolymers prepared using a Ziegler/Natta neodymium catalyst
The present invention is directed to a polymer comprising repeat units derived from 1,3-butadiene and a substituted butadiene of formula I or II wherein R is hydrogen, an alkyl group, aryl group, or a fused cyclic group; and wherein at least 95 percent by weight of the repeat units have a cis-1, 4 microstructure. The invention is further directed to a rubber composition and pneumatic tire comprising the polymer, and a method for making the polymer using a neodymium catalyst system.
1. A method of making a polymer, the method comprising the step of polymerizing 1,3-butadiene and a substituted butadiene of formula I or II
wherein R is hydrogen, an alkyl group, aryl group, or a fused cyclic group; in the presence of an organic solvent and a catalyst system comprising the reaction product of an organoaluminum compound, a neodymium carboxylate, and a dialkyl aluminum chloride.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein R is hydrogen and the substituted butadiene in 1-phenylbutadiene.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein R is hydrogen and the substituted butadiene is 2-phenylbutadiene.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 98 percent by weight of the repeat units have a cis-1,4 microstructure.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organoaluminum compound contains at least one carbon to aluminum bond and is represented by the structural formula:
in which R 1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, alkaryl, arylalkyl radicals and hydrogen: R 2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, arylalkyl radicals and hydrogen and R 3 is selected from a group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl and arylalkyl radicals.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organoaluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of diethylaluminum hydride, di-n-propylaluminum hydride, di-n-butylaluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, diphenylaluminum hydride, di-p-tolylaluminum hydride, dibenzylaluminum hydride, phenylethylaluminum hydride, phenyl-n-propylaluminum hydride, p-tolylethylaluminum hydride, p-tolyl-n-propylaluminum hydride, p-tolylisopropylaluminum hydride, benzylethylaluminum hydride, benzyl-n-propylaluminum hydride, benzylisopropylaluminum hydride, ethylaluminum dihydride, butylaluminum dihydride, isobutylaluminum dihydride, octylaluminum dihydride, amylaluminum dihydride, diethylaluminum ethoxide, dipropylaluminum ethoxide, trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tri-n-propylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, tri-n-propylaluminum, triisopropylaluminim, tri-n-butylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tripentylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, tricyclohexylaluminum, trioctylaluminum, triphenylaluminum, tri-p-tolylaluminum, tribenzylaluminum, ethyldiphenylaluminum, ethyl-di-p-tolylaluminum, ethyldibenzylaluminum, diethylphenylaluminum, diethyl-p-tolylaluminum, and diethylbenzylaluminum.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neodymium carboxylate comprises an organic monocarboxylic acid derivative ligand that contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the atomic ratio of the chloride ion to the neodymium metal ranges from about 0.1/1 to about 6/1.