Identification of disease characteristics using isotope ratios in breath
Methods are disclosed for distinguishing whether an animal is experiencing a bacterial infection or a viral infection. One monitors breath taken from the animal over time to measure the relative amount of a first breath stable isotope to a second breath stable isotope therein over time. A quick change in the isotope ratios within several hours from the likely infection is indicative of a bacterial infection. A delayed change in the isotope ratios, followed by periodic repeated alterations in the ratios, is indicative of viral infection. The methods are particularly efficient when using cavity ringdown spectroscopy for the monitoring. They may be used for monitoring a patient already admitted to a hospital, or for monitoring a patient initially complaining of adverse symptoms, or for triage, or for collectively monitoring a population of animals.
1. A method of triaging a population of patients suspected of having been exposed to an infectious material, comprising:
monitoring, with a cavity ring-down spectrometer, breath taken from each patient in the population over time to measure a relative amount of a first isotope to a second isotope therein over time, wherein the first and second isotopes are a pair of 13 C and 12 C;
for each patient, based on comparisons of (i) changes to the relative amount for them of the first isotope to the second isotope over time, with (ii) a known pattern or patterns of changes of the relative amount of the first isotope to the second isotope when there is bacterial infection, determining, with a computer, whether the patient has a bacterial infection; and
based on said determining, triaging medical treatment of said population of patients.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patients are mammals.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the patients are humans.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spectrometer is capable of measuring the relative amount of the first isotope to the second isotope in a patient's breath at fifteen minute intervals or less.