Composite, catalyst including the same, fuel cell and lithium air battery including the same
A composite including: a carbonaceous material; and a solid solution including a first metal and a cerium oxide, wherein the solid solution is disposed on the carbonaceous material.
1. A composite comprising:
carbonaceous material; and
a particle comprising a solid solution comprising a first metal and a cerium oxide, wherein the solid solution is disposed on the carbonaceous material, and the particle comprising the solid solution has a particle diameter of about 1 nm to about 20 nm, wherein the first metal is at least one selected from manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and titanium (Ti).
2. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the first metal is manganese.
3. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the solid solution is present in an amount of about 5 to about 90 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the composite.
4. The composite of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the first metal is about 0.1 to about 1.5 moles, based on 1 mole of cerium of the cerium oxide.
5. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite comprises a composition represented by at least one selected from Formula 1 and Formula 2:
M 1 O x —CeO 2 /C Formula 1
wherein in Formula 1, 1≦x≦3, M 1 is the first metal, and
Ce y M 1 1-y O 2 /C Formula 2
wherein in Formula 2, 0.01≦y≦0.99, M 1 is the first metal, and in Formulas 1 and 2, independently, the first metal is at least one metal selected from Groups 3-8, 10-14, and 16.
6. The composite of claim 5 , wherein the first metal is manganese.
7. A catalyst comprising the composite of claim 1 and a second metal.
8. The catalyst of claim 7 , wherein the second metal is at least one metal selected from Groups 8-11.
9. The catalyst of claim 8 , wherein the second metal is at least one selected from platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), gold (Au), and silver (Ag).
10. The catalyst of claim 9 , wherein the second metal is an alloy comprising Pd and Ir.
11. The catalyst of claim 7 , wherein the second metal is present in an amount of about 1 to about 70 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the catalyst.
12. The catalyst of claim 7 , wherein the first metal of the composite is manganese, and the second metal is an alloy of palladium and iridium.
13. The catalyst of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst comprises an active particle comprising the composite of claim 1 and the second metal, and the active particle is disposed on the carbonaceous material.
14. A fuel cell comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
an electrolyte membrane disposed between the cathode and the anode,
wherein at least one of the cathode and the anode comprises a catalyst comprising the composite of claim 1 .
15. The fuel cell of claim 14 , wherein the composite further comprises a second metal, wherein the second metal is at least one selected from platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), gold (Au), and silver (Ag).
16. A lithium air battery comprising an electrode comprising the composite of claim 1 .
17. A method of manufacturing the composite of claim 1 , the method comprising;
combining a first metal and a cerium oxide to form a solid solution; and
disposing the solid solution on the carbonaceous material to manufacture the composite.
18. A method of manufacturing the catalyst of claim 10 , the method comprising:
providing a first metal-cerium oxide solid solution;
contacting a second metal or a precursor of the second metal with the first metal-cerium oxide solid solution; and
heating the solid solution and the second metal to form the catalyst.
19. A catalyst comprising a composite and a second metal, the composite comprising:
carbonaceous material; and
a particle comprising a solid solution comprising a first metal and a cerium oxide, wherein the solid solution is disposed on the carbonaceous material, and the particle comprising the solid solution has a particle diameter of about 1 nm to about 20 nm,
wherein the catalyst comprises an active particle comprising the composite and the second metal, and the active particle is disposed on the carbonaceous material, wherein the active particle comprises:
a core comprising the particle comprising the solid solution; and
a shell comprising a reduction product of the first metal-cerium oxide and the second metal, the shell being a product of treating the solid solution and the second metal in a high temperature reduction process.