Nanostructure-reinforced composite articles and methods
The present invention provides methods for uniform growth of nanostructures such as nanotubes (e.g., carbon nanotubes) on the surface of a substrate, wherein the long axes of the nanostructures may be substantially aligned. The nanostructures may be further processed for use in various applications, such as composite materials. For example, a set of aligned nanostructures may be formed and transferred, either in bulk or to another surface, to another material to enhance the properties of the material. In some cases, the nanostructures may enhance the mechanical properties of a material, for example, providing mechanical reinforcement at an interface between two materials or plies. In some cases, the nanostructures may enhance thermal and/or electronic properties of a material. The present invention also provides systems and methods for growth of nanostructures, including batch processes and continuous processes.
1. A method of forming a composite article, comprising:
providing a first substrate with a surface comprising a set of substantially aligned nanostructures on or in the surface, wherein the long axes of the nanostructures are substantially aligned in a first orientation that is substantially non-parallel to the surface;
rolling over the set of substantially aligned nanostructures with a roller to change the orientation of the nanostructures from the first orientation to a second orientation in which the long axes of the nanostructures are substantially aligned and parallel to the surface; and
transferring the nanostructures from the first substrate to the roller and/or a second substrate associated with the roller such that the nanostructures are removed from the first substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the first substrate comprises providing the first substrate with the surface comprising the set of substantially aligned nanostructures that are substantially perpendicular to the surface.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially aligned nanostructures are arranged in a pattern on or in the surface of the first substrate prior to being rolled over by the roller.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first substrate comprises a catalyst material.
5. The method of claim 1 , comprising catalytically forming the nanostructures on the surface of the first substrate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of substantially aligned nanostructures comprises nanotubes.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the nanotubes comprise carbon nanotubes.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of substantially aligned nanostructures comprises nanofibers.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of substantially aligned nanostructures comprises nanowires.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate comprises a tow of fibers.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate comprises a weave.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate comprises a prepreg.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate comprises a resin film.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first substrate comprises a substantially flat surface.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially aligned nanostructures have average diameters of 100 nm or less.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially aligned nanostructures have average diameters of 75 nm or less.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially aligned nanostructures have average diameters of 50 nm or less.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially aligned nanostructures have average diameters of 25 nm or less.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantially aligned nanostructures have average diameters of 10 nm or less.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate comprises a fiber.