Methods for treating obesity or an obesity related condition
In one aspect of the present invention, a pharmaceutical composition for treating a metabolic disease in a mammalian subject includes a therapeutically effective amount of (R)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. In another aspect of the present invention, pharmaceutical composition for treating a metabolic disease in a mammalian subject includes a therapeutically effective amount of (S)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. In a further aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for treating a metabolic disease in a mammalian subject. The method includes administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoid, all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoid derivative, or agent capable of modulating the level of at least one all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoid or all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoid derivative in the subject.
1. A method of treating obesity or an obesity related condition in a mammalian subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoid, all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoid derivative, or all-trans-retinol: all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol saturase, wherein the obesity or obesity related condition is associated with improved glucose tolerance, abnormal fasting response manifested by visceral fat retention, or decreased hepatic triglyceride levels.
2. The method of claim 1 , the pharmaceutical composition being administered to at least one cell expressing G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and/or a polynucleotide encoding GPR40.
3. The method of claim 1 , the pharmaceutical composition promoting lipolysis in the subject.
4. The method of claim 1 , the pharmaceutical composition promoting hepatic uptake and esterification of free fatty acids.
5. The method of claim 1 , the pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one of (R)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol, (S)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol, (R)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid, or (S)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid, or an ester thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , the pharmaceutical composition comprising at least 75% of (R)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol, (R)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid, or an ester thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , the pharmaceutical composition comprising at least 75% of (S)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol, (S)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid, or an ester thereof.