Hydroxybupropion analogues for treating drug dependence
The invention provides hydroxybupropion analogues capable of inhibiting the reuptake of one or more monoamines and/or acting as antagonists at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The compounds may selectively bind to one or more monoamine transporters, including those for dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin and/or may selectively bind to one or more nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. Such compounds may be used to treat conditions that are responsive to modification of monoamine levels and/or antagonism of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, including drug dependency, depression, and obesity.
1. A compound according to the structure:
wherein:
R 1 is optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl;
R 2 is H or optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl;
R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl;
X, Y, and Z are each independently selected from H; optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl; optionally substituted C1-10 alkoxy; optionally substituted C2-10 alkenyl; optionally substituted C2-10 alkynyl; optionally substituted C6-C12 aryl; alkaryl; arylalkyl; aryloxy; optionally substituted heteroaryl; optionally substituted heterocycle; halo; hydroxyl; halogenated alkyl; an amino group of formula NH 2 , NR 12 H, or NR 12 R 13 ; alkylamino; arylamino; acyl; CN; NO 2 ; N 3 ; CH 2 OH; CONH 2 ; CONR 12 R 13 ; CO 2 R 12 ; CH 2 OR 12 ; NHCOR 12 ; NHCO 2 R 12 ; C1-3 alkylthio; sulfate; sulfonic acid; sulfonate ester; phosphonic acid; phosphate; phosphonate; mono-, di-, or triphosphate ester; trityl or monomethoxytrityl; R 12 SO; R 12 SO 2 ; CF 3 S; CF 3 SO 2 ; trialkylsilyl; and diphenylmethylsilyl; and
R 12 and R 13 are each independently selected from H or optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl;
wherein one or more of X, Y, and Z are optionally substituted C6-C12 aryl,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, amide, salt, solvate, prodrug, or stereoisomer thereof.
2. The compound according to claim 1 , having the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, amide, salt, solvate, prodrug, or stereoisomer thereof.
3. The compound according to claim 1 , having the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, amide, salt, solvate, prodrug, or stereoisomer thereof.
4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , and C 3 H 7 .
5. The compound according to claim 2 , wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , and C 3 H 7 .
6. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , and C 3 H 7 .
7. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein X, Y, and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Cl, Br, F, optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl, and phenyl.
8. The compound according to claim 2 , wherein X, Y, and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Cl, Br, F, optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl, and phenyl.
9. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein X, Y, and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Cl, Br, F, optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl, and phenyl.
10. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is optionally substituted methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl.
11. The compound according to claim 2 , wherein R 1 is optionally substituted methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl.
12. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein R 1 is optionally substituted methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl.
13. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is optionally substituted C2-C10alkyl.
14. The compound according to claim 2 , wherein R 1 is optionally substituted C2-C10alkyl.
15. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein R 1 is optionally substituted C2-C10alkyl.
16. A compound selected from the group consisting of:
2-(3-Fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholin-2-ol;
2-(3-Bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholin-2-ol;
2-Biphenyl-4-yl-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholin-2-ol;
2-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholin-2-ol;
2-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3-ethyl-5,5-dimethylmorpholin-2-ol;
2-(3-Chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-3-propyl-morpholin-2-ol,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, amide, salt, solvate, prodrug, or stereoisomer thereof.
17. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises an enantiomeric excess of at least 95% of the (2S-3S) enantiomer.
18. The compound according to claim 2 , wherein the compound comprises an enantiomeric excess of at least 95% of the (2S-3S) enantiomer.
19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1 and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
20. A method for treating or delaying the progression of disorders that are alleviated by inhibiting monoamine reuptake in a patient or antagonizing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 1 .
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of addiction, depression, obesity, bipolar disorder, attention deficit disorder (ADD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), hypoactive sexual desire disorder, antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction, orgasmic dysfunction, seasonal affective disorder/winter depression, mania, bulimia and other eating disorders, panic disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorder, Parkinson's disease, narcolepsy, anxiety disorders, insomnia, chronic pain, migraine headaches, and restless legs syndrome.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the addiction comprises nicotine addiction.
23. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of X, Y, and Z is optionally substituted phenyl.
24. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is 2-biphenyl-4-yl-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholin-2-ol or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, amide, salt, solvate, prodrug, or stereoisomer thereof.