Methods of forming features in semiconductor device structures
View Patent ↗Methods of forming features are disclosed. One method comprises forming a resist over a pool of acidic or basic material on a substrate structure, selectively exposing the resist to an energy source to form exposed resist portions and non-exposed resist portions, and diffusing acid or base of the acidic or basic material from the pool into proximal portions of the resist. Another method comprises forming a plurality of recesses in a substrate structure. The plurality of recesses are filled with a pool material comprising acid or base. A resist is formed over the pool material and the substrate structure and acid or base is diffused into adjacent portions of the resist. The resist is patterned to form openings in the resist. The openings comprise wider portions distal to the substrate structure and narrower portions proximal to the substrate structure. Additional methods and semiconductor device structures including the features are disclosed.
1. A method of forming a feature, comprising:
forming a resist over a pool of an acidic material or a basic material on a substrate structure;
selectively exposing the resist to an energy source to form exposed resist portions and non-exposed resist portions;
diffusing acid of the acidic material or base of the basic material from the pool into proximal portions of the resist; and
exposing the resist to a developer to remove a greater amount of distal portions of the resist relative to the proximal portions of the resist to form openings in the resist, wherein the openings comprise sloping sidewalls.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a resist over a pool of an acidic material or a basic material comprises forming a resist over a pool of an acidic material or a basic material selected from the group consisting of a polymer, a photoresist, an oxide, a bottom anti-reflective coating, and a top anti-reflective coating.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming a resist over a pool of an acidic material or a basic material comprises forming a resist over a pool of an acidic material or a basic material comprising a 248 nm resist or a 193 nm resist comprising the acid or the base.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein diffusing acid of the acidic material or base of the basic material from the pool into proximal portions of the resist comprises altering an acidity of the proximal portions of the resist.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein exposing the resist to a developer comprises removing the exposed resist portions except the proximal portions of the exposed resist portions to form the openings in the resist.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein exposing the resist to a developer comprises removing the non-exposed resist portions except the proximal portions of the non-exposed resist portions to form the openings in the resist.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising filling the at least one opening with a conductive material.
8. A method of forming a feature, comprising:
forming a plurality of recesses in a substrate structure;
filling the plurality of recesses with a pool material comprising acid or base;
forming a resist over the pool material and the substrate structure;
diffusing the acid or the base into portions of the resist proximal to the substrate structure more than into portions of the resist distal to the substrate structure; and
removing a greater amount of the portions of the resist distal to the substrate structure than the amount of the portions of the resist proximal to the substrate structure to form openings in the resist, the openings comprising wider portions distal to the substrate structure and narrower portions proximal to the substrate structure.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein forming a plurality of recesses in a substrate structure comprises forming the plurality of recesses partially extending into the substrate structure.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein forming a plurality of recesses in a substrate structure comprises forming the plurality of recesses at a depth of from approximately 1 nm to approximately 10 nm.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein filling the plurality of recesses with a pool material comprises forming the pool material over the plurality of recesses and the substrate structure and removing a portion of the pool material overlying the substrate structure.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein diffusing the acid or the base into portions of the resist proximal to the substrate structure more than into portions of the resist distal to the substrate structure comprises:
exposing the resist to an energy source to form exposed resist portions and non-exposed resist portions;
diffusing the acid or the base from the pool material into the proximal portions of the resist; and
removing at least a portion of the exposed resist portions without removing the non-exposed resist portions and the proximal portions of the resist containing the acid or the base.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein diffusing the acid or the base into portions of the resist proximal to the substrate structure more than into portions of the resist distal to the substrate structure comprises:
exposing the resist to an energy source to form exposed resist portions and non-exposed resist portions;
diffusing the acid or the base from the pool material into the proximal portions of the resist; and
removing at least a portion of the non-exposed resist portions without removing the exposed resist portions and the proximal portions of the resist containing the acid or the base.
14. The method of claim 8 , further comprising filling the openings with a conductive material to form conductive features comprising wider portions distal to the substrate structure and narrower portions proximal to the substrate structure.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein filling the openings with a conductive material to form conductive features comprises forming the conductive features comprising wider portions distal to the substrate structure and narrower portions proximal to the substrate structure, the narrower proximal portions comprising a length of from approximately 5 nm to approximately 40 nm and a width of from approximately 5 nm to approximately 40 nm.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein filling the openings with a conductive material to form conductive features comprises forming a plurality of contacts.
17. A method of forming a feature, comprising:
forming a plurality of recesses in a substrate structure;
filling the plurality of recesses with a pool material comprising acid or base;
forming a resist over the pool material and the substrate structure;
selectively exposing portions of the resist to an energy source to form exposed resist portions and non-exposed resist portions;
diffusing the acid or the base from the pool material into adjacent portions of the resist to alter a solubility of the resist in a developer used to remove portions of the resist; and
exposing the resist to the developer to selectively remove distal portions of the resist relative to the adjacent portions of the resist to form openings in the resist, the openings comprising wider portions distal to the substrate structure and narrower portions adjacent to the substrate structure.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein forming openings in the resist comprises forming the openings comprising wider portions distal to the substrate structure and narrower portions adjacent to the substrate structure without utilizing an etching process to form the narrower portions adjacent to the substrate structure.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein forming openings in the resist comprises removing at least a portion of the exposed resist portions with a positive tone developer without removing the non-exposed resist portions and the adjacent portions of the resist comprising the diffused acid or the diffused base.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein forming openings in the resist comprises removing at least a portion of the non-exposed resist portions with a positive tone developer without removing the exposed resist portions and the adjacent portions of the resist comprising the diffused acid or the diffused base.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein forming openings in the resist comprises removing at least a portion of the exposed resist portions with a negative tone developer without removing the non-exposed resist portions and the adjacent portions of the resist comprising the diffused acid or the diffused base.
22. The method of claim 17 , wherein forming openings in the resist comprises removing at least a portion of the non-exposed resist portions with a negative tone developer without removing the exposed resist portions and the adjacent portions of the resist comprising the diffused acid or the diffused base.