Polymer-electrolyte membrane, electrochemical fuel cell, and related method
A polymer-electrolyte membrane is presented. The polymer-electrolyte membrane comprises an acid-functional polymer, and an additive incorporated in at least a portion of the membrane. The additive comprises a fluorinated cycloaliphatic additive, a hydrophobic cycloaliphatic additive, or combinations thereof, wherein the additive has a boiling point greater than about 120° C. An electrochemical fuel cell including the polymer-electrolyte membrane, and a related method, are also presented.
1. A polymer-electrolyte membrane, comprising:
an acid-functional polymer; and
a fluorinated cycloaliphatic additive incorporated in at least a portion of the membrane, wherein the fluorinated cycloaliphatic additive has a boiling point greater than about 120° C., and wherein the fluorinated cycloaliphatic additive is present in the membrane in an amount in a range from about 0.5 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of the total weight of the membrane.
2. The polymer-electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the acid-functional polymer comprises a plurality of acid functional groups selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid moiety, a phosphoric acid moiety, a phosphonic acid moiety, a sulfonylimide moiety, and combinations thereof.
3. The polymer-electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , further comprising an electrolyte comprising water, an oxo-acid, a nitrogen heterocyclic base, or combinations thereof.
4. A membrane electrode assembly comprising the polymer-electrolyte membrane of claim 1 .
5. The polymer-electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated cycloaliphatic additive comprises a fluorinated cycloaliphatic compound selected from the group consisting of cis-perfluorodecalin, trans-perfluorodecalin, perfluoro-1-methyldecalin, perfluoroisopentyl-tetrahydropyran, perfluorobicyclohexane, perfluorohydrophenanthrene, tetracosafluorotetradecahydroanthracene, perfluoro-1,4,5,8-dimethanodecalin, and combinations thereof.
6. The polymer-electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the acid-functional polymer comprises an acid functional fluoropolymer.
7. An electrochemical fuel cell, comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode; and
a polymer-electrolyte membrane disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the polymer-electrolyte membrane comprises:
an acid-functional polymer; and
a fluorinated cycloaliphatic additive incorporated in at least a portion of the membrane, wherein the fluorinated cycloaliphatic additive has a boiling point greater than about 120° C., and wherein the fluorinated cycloaliphatic additive is present in the membrane in an amount in a range from about 0.5 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of the total weight of the membrane.
8. The electrochemical fuel cell of claim 7 , further comprising an electrolyte comprising water, an oxo-acid, a nitrogen heterocyclic base, or combinations thereof.
9. A method of making an electrochemical fuel cell, comprising:
(i) incorporating an additive into at least a portion of a polymer-electrolyte membrane to form an additive-modified polymer-electrolyte membrane,
wherein the additive comprises a fluorinated cycloaliphatic compound having a boiling point greater than about 120° C., wherein the fluorinated cycloaliphatic compound is present in the membrane in an amount in a range from about 0.5 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of the total weight of the membrane; and
(ii) assembling a first electrode, the additive-modified polymer-electrolyte membrane, and a second electrode into the electrochemical fuel cell.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the step (i) comprises contacting at least a portion of the polymer-electrolyte membrane with a solution comprising the additive.