Detection of bacterial contamination in a sample
Methods for detecting one or more target bacteria in a test sample are provided. It is shown herein that photosensitizers combined with intense light exposure reduce fluorescing background due to non-bacterial particles. This permits detection of subsequently labeled target bacterial cells (e.g., using a fluorescently labeled antibody) against a largely black background. In particular examples, the methods include incubating the test sample in a growth medium that permits growth of bacteria present in the sample, contacting the sample with a photo-sensitizer; exposing the sample to light under conditions sufficient for the photo-sensitizer to photobleach contaminating non-bacterial particulates present in the sample. The bacteria can then be substantially separated from the sample, thereby generating an isolated bacterial sample. The method can also include contacting the isolated bacterial sample with a binding agent specific for the one or more target bacteria, and detecting the one or more target bacteria.
1. A method of detecting one or more target bacteria in a test sample comprising:
incubating the test sample in a bacterial culture medium that permits growth of bacteria present in the test sample;
contacting the bacterial culture medium containing the test sample with a photosensitizing agent;
exposing the bacterial culture medium containing the test sample to infra-red light, visible light, or UV light, under conditions sufficient for the photosensitizing agent to photobleach contaminating or autofluorescing non-bacterial particulates present in the sample;
separating the bacteria from the bacterial culture medium containing the test sample, thereby generating an isolated bacterial sample;
contacting the isolated bacterial sample with a specific binding agent specific for the one or more target bacteria, under conditions sufficient for the specific binding agent to bind to the one or more target bacteria, wherein the specific binding agent is directly or indirectly labeled;
permitting detection of the labeled specific binding agent bound to the one or more target bacteria; and
designating the test sample as containing the one or more target bacteria when the labeled specific binding agent bound to the one or more target bacteria is detected.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacterial culture medium comprises brain heart infusion medium or tryptic soy broth.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incubation of the test sample is at 37° C. to 45° C. for at least 4 hours.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the photosensitizing agent is phloxine B.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the exposing the bacterial culture medium containing the test sample to the light comprises the bacterial culture medium containing the test sample to a light intensity of at least 10,000 LUX.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating the bacteria from the bacterial culture medium containing the test sample comprises pelleting the bacteria.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating the bacteria from the bacterial culture medium containing the test sample comprises filtering the bacterial culture medium one or more times.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating the bacteria from the bacterial culture medium containing the test sample comprises centrifuging the bacterial culture medium.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises contacting the isolated bacterial sample with one or more detergents or surfactants.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the specific binding agent is directly or indirectly labeled with a fluorophore.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the specific binding agent is directly labeled.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the specific binding agent is indirectly labeled, and the method further comprises:
contacting the isolated bacterial sample with a secondary agent specific for the specific binding agent, under conditions sufficient for the secondary agent to bind to the specific binding agent.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the specific binding agent is an antibody, peptide nucleic acid (PNA) or an aptamer.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the secondary agent is a labeled secondary antibody.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:
determining whether the one or more target bacteria detected in the sample are alive or dead.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detecting the one or more target bacteria occurs before the photobleaching deteriorates cell membranes and cell surface epitopes of the one or more target bacteria.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample is a food sample, patient sample, or environmental sample.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is completed in 4 hours to 8 hours.