Recovery of Xe and other high value compounds
A system and method for recovering high value gas from a process stream, material or environment containing same, e.g., xenon by contacting gas from the process stream, material or environment with a carbon adsorbent effective to sorptively capture same, free of or with reduced concentration of fluid species present with the high value gas in the high value gas-containing gas in the process stream, material or environment. Other aspects of the disclosure include a radon detection method and product.
1. A method of recovering xenon gas from a process stream, material or environment containing same, comprising contacting xenon-containing gas from said process stream, material or environment with a carbon adsorbent effective to sorptively capture same, free of or with reduced concentration of fluid species initially present with said xenon in said xenon-containing gas in said process stream, material or environment, wherein the carbon adsorbent has a bulk density in a range of from 750 to 1300 kg per cubic meter (kg/m 3 ), and a porosity in which the majority of pores are in a range of from 5 to 8 Angstroms.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the xenon-containing gas is treated prior to said contacting, to remove one or more components of said xenon-containing gas that are deleterious to said adsorbent.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said one or more components include xenon difluoride.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein said one or more components include nitrogen.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said xenon-containing gas is supplied by a xenon recovery process concentrating xenon in a source gas mixture, from part per million levels to percentage levels.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said xenon-containing gas is supplied by a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus cleaning process utilizing xenon difluoride.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus comprises an ion implanter apparatus.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the cleaning process comprises a plasma cleaning process.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the cleaning process does not employ plasma.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said carbon adsorbent is characterized by a volumetric sorptive capacity for xenon, measured at temperature of 273° Kelvin and 1 bar pressure, of from 125 to 150 volumes xenon/volume carbon adsorbent, and a separation factor α Xe,N , in relation to xenon and nitrogen, which is in a range of from 2 to 12.
11. A xenon capture apparatus, comprising:
a containment vessel adapted for arrangement in flow-receiving relationship to a source of xenon-containing gas; and
a carbon adsorbent in the containment vessel, wherein the carbon adsorbent is selective for xenon gas, and wherein the carbon adsorbent has a bulk density in a range of from 750 to 1300 kg per cubic meter (kg/m 3 ), and a porosity in which the majority of pores are in a range of from 5 to 8 Angstroms, wherein the apparatus comprises one or more of the arrangements (A)-(D):
(A) the containment vessel is arranged in flow-receiving relationship to a source of xenon-containing gas, and the carbon adsorbent (i) has a volumetric sorptive capacity for xenon, measured at temperature of 273° Kelvin and one bar pressure, of from 125 to 150 volumes xenon/volume carbon adsorbent, and (ii) is characterized by a separation factor α Xe,N , in relation to xenon and nitrogen, which is in a range of from 2 to 12;
(B) the containment vessel is arranged in flow-receiving relationship to a source of xenon-containing gas, and said source of xenon-containing gas comprises a xenon concentration unit increasing xenon concentration of said xenon-containing gas from part per million to percentage levels;
(C) the containment vessel is arranged in flow-receiving relationship to a source of xenon-containing gas, and said source of xenon-containing gas comprises an ion implanter apparatus arranged to receive xenon difluoride cleaning gas from a xenon difluoride source; and
(D) the containment vessel is arranged in flow-receiving relationship to a source of xenon-containing gas, and said source of xenon-containing gas comprises a source vessel containing xenon difluoride on a support matrix.
12. The xenon capture apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the containment vessel is arranged in flow-receiving relationship to a source of xenon-containing gas, and the carbon adsorbent (i) has a volumetric sorptive capacity for xenon, measured at temperature of 273° Kelvin and one bar pressure, of from 125 to 150 volumes xenon/volume carbon adsorbent, and (ii) is characterized by a separation factor α xe,N , in relation to xenon and nitrogen, which is in a range of from 2 to 12.
13. The xenon capture apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the containment vessel is arranged in flow-receiving relationship to a source of xenon-containing gas, and wherein said source of xenon-containing gas comprises a xenon concentration unit increasing xenon concentration of said xenon-containing gas from part per million to percentage levels.
14. The xenon capture apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the containment vessel is arranged in flow-receiving relationship to a source of xenon-containing gas, and wherein said source of xenon-containing gas comprises an ion implanter apparatus arranged to receive xenon difluoride cleaning gas from a xenon difluoride source.
15. The xenon capture apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the containment vessel is arranged in flow-receiving relationship to a source of xenon-containing gas, and wherein said source of xenon-containing gas comprises a source vessel containing xenon difluoride on a support matrix.
16. A carbon adsorbent, characterized by a bulk density in a range of from 750 to 1300 kg per cubic meter (kg/m 3 ), a porosity in which the majority of pores are in a range of from 5 to 8 Angstroms, a separation factor α Xe,N , in relation to xenon and nitrogen, which is in a range of from 2 to 12, a volumetric sorptive capacity for xenon at 273° K and one bar pressure, of 125 to 150 volumes xenon/volume carbon adsorbent, and a thermal conductivity of 0.44-1.20 Wm −1 K −1 .
17. The carbon adsorbent of claim 16 , in the form of a pyrolyzed monolith characterized by a bulk density in a range of from 800 to 1200 kg/m 3 .
18. The carbon adsorbent of claim 16 , characterized by a volumetric sorptive capacity for xenon, measured at temperature of 273° Kelvin and one bar pressure, of from 125 to 145 440 volumes xenon/volume carbon adsorbent.
19. The carbon adsorbent of claim 16 , characterized by a separation factor α Xe,N , in relation to xenon and nitrogen, which in a range of from 3 to 10.
20. The carbon adsorbent of claim 16 , in the form of a pyrolyzed monolith formed as a pyrolysis product of a polyvinylidene chloride resin, characterized by a separation factor α Xe,N , in relation to xenon and nitrogen, which in a range of from 4 to 8.