Adaptive cascode circuit using MOS transistors

1. An adaptive cascode circuit, comprising:

a) a main MOS transistor, wherein a source of said main MOS transistor is configured as a first terminal of said adaptive cascode circuit, and wherein a gate of said main MOS transistor is configured as a control terminal of said adaptive cascode circuit;

b) n adaptive MOS transistors coupled in series to a drain of said main MOS transistor, wherein a drain of a first adaptive MOS transistor is configured as a second terminal of said adaptive cascode circuit, and wherein n is an integer greater than one;

c) a shutdown clamping circuit coupled to gates of said n adaptive MOS transistors, wherein said shutdown clamping circuit comprises (n+1) shutdown clamping voltages that are less than corresponding rated drain-gate voltages of said main MOS transistor and said n adaptive MOS transistors; and

d) n conduction clamping circuits coupled to gates of corresponding said n adaptive MOS transistors, wherein said n conduction clamping circuits comprise n conduction clamping voltages greater than corresponding conduction threshold voltages of said adaptive MOS transistors;

e) wherein when said main MOS transistor and said n adaptive MOS transistors are shutdown, and drain-gate voltages of said main MOS transistor and said n adaptive MOS transistors are larger than said shutdown clamping voltages, said shutdown clamping circuit is configured to clamp drain-gate voltages of said main MOS transistor and said adaptive MOS transistors to corresponding said shutdown clamping voltages, wherein said drain-gate voltages of said main MOS transistor and said adaptive MOS transistors are configured to be no larger than said rated drain-gate voltages of said main MOS transistor and said n adaptive MOS transistors;

f) wherein when said n adaptive MOS transistors and said main MOS transistor are conducting, said conduction clamping circuits are configured to clamp said gate voltages of said n adaptive MOS transistors to corresponding said n conduction clamping voltages.

2. The adaptive cascode circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:

a) n gate-source clamping circuits coupled between gates and sources of corresponding said n adaptive MOS transistors, wherein said n gate-source clamping circuits comprise n gate-source clamping voltages no larger than rated gate-source voltages of said n adaptive MOS transistors; and

b) wherein when said n adaptive MOS transistors and said main MOS transistor are conducting, said gate-source clamping circuits are configured to clamp gate-source voltages of said n adaptive MOS transistors to corresponding said n gate-source clamping voltages.

3. The adaptive cascode circuit of claim 2 , wherein:

a) said adaptive MOS transistors and main MOS transistor comprise N-type MOS transistors, and each of said n gate-source clamping circuits comprises a first zener diode; and

b) an anode of said first zener diode is coupled to a source of a corresponding said adaptive MOS transistor, and a cathode of said first zener diode is coupled to a gate of a corresponding said adaptive MOS transistor.

4. The adaptive cascode circuit of claim 2 , wherein:

a) said adaptive MOS transistors and said main MOS transistor comprise P-type MOS transistor, each of said gate-source clamping circuits comprises a second zener diode; and

b) an anode of said second zener diode is coupled to a gate of a corresponding said adaptive MOS transistor, and a cathode of said second zener diode is coupled to a source of a corresponding said adaptive MOS transistor.

5. The adaptive cascode circuit of claim 1 , wherein:

a) said n adaptive MOS transistors and said main MOS transistor comprise N-type MOS transistors, a first terminal of said shutdown clamping circuit is coupled to a second terminal of said adaptive cascode circuit, and a second terminal of said shutdown clamping circuit is coupled to ground; and

b) each of said conduction clamping circuits comprises a first diode, wherein a cathode of said first diode is coupled to a gate of a corresponding said adaptive MOS transistor, and an anode of said first diode is coupled to a voltage source.

6. The adaptive cascode circuit of claim 5 , wherein:

a) said shutdown clamping circuit comprises series coupled (n+1) third zener diodes, wherein n common nodes of said (n+1) third zener diodes are respectively coupled to gates of said n adaptive MOS transistors;

b) a cathode of a first of said third zener diodes is configured as a first terminal of said shutdown clamping circuit to couple with a second terminal of said adaptive cascode circuit; and

c) an anode of said n th of said third zener diodes is configured as a second terminal of said shutdown clamping circuit to couple with ground.

7. The adaptive cascode circuit of claim 6 , further comprising a third diode, wherein an anode of said third diode is coupled to a second terminal of said adaptive cascade circuit, and wherein a cathode of said third diode is coupled to a first terminal of said shutdown clamping circuit.

8. The adaptive cascode circuit of claim 1 , wherein:

a) said adaptive MOS transistors and said main MOS transistor comprise P-type MOS transistors, a first terminal of said shutdown clamping circuit is coupled to a highest voltage, and a second terminal of said shutdown clamping circuit is coupled to a second terminal of said adaptive cascode circuit; and

b) each of said conduction clamping circuits comprises a second diode, wherein an anode of said second diode is coupled to a gate of a corresponding said adaptive MOS transistor, and a cathode of said second diode is coupled to a voltage source with a value of a difference voltage between said highest voltage and a rated gate-source voltage of said main MOS transistor.

9. The adaptive cascode circuit of claim 8 , wherein:

a) said shutdown clamping circuit comprises series coupled (n+1) fourth zener diodes, wherein n common nodes of said (n+1) fourth zener diodes are respectively coupled to gates of said n adaptive MOS transistors;

b) an anode of a first of said fourth zener diodes is configured as a second terminal of said shutdown clamping circuit to couple with a second terminal of said adaptive cascade circuit; and

c) a cathode of the (n+1) th of said fourth zener diodes is configured as a first terminal of said shutdown clamping circuit to couple with the highest voltage.

10. The adaptive cascode circuit of claim 9 , further comprising a fourth diode, wherein a cathode of said fourth diode is coupled to a second terminal of said adaptive cascode circuit, and an anode of said fourth diode is coupled to a second terminal of said shutdown clamping circuit.

11. The adaptive cascode circuit of claim 1 , wherein:

a) said adaptive MOS transistors and said main MOS transistor comprise N-type MOS transistors, said adaptive MOS transistors are coupled to at least one of a plurality of enhanced drivers, wherein each of said enhanced drivers comprises a push-pull circuit and a fifth diode;

b) an input terminal of said push-pull circuit is coupled to a corresponding said conduction clamping circuit, and an output terminal of said push-pull circuit is coupled to a gate of a corresponding said adaptive MOS transistor; and

c) an anode of said fifth diode is coupled to a voltage source, and a cathode of said fifth diode is coupled to a gate of a corresponding said adaptive MOS transistor.

12. The adaptive cascode circuit of claim 1 , wherein:

a) said adaptive MOS transistors and said main MOS transistors comprise P-type MOS transistors, said adaptive MOS transistors are coupled to at least one of a plurality of enhanced drivers, wherein each of said enhanced drivers comprises a push-pull circuit and a sixth diode;

b) an input terminal of said push-pull circuit is coupled to a corresponding said conduction clamping circuit, and an output terminal of said push-pull circuit is coupled to a gate of a corresponding said adaptive MOS transistor; and

c) a cathode of said sixth diode is coupled to a voltage source, and an anode of said sixth diode is coupled to a gate of said adaptive MOS transistor.