Self-Healing Composite Materials And Micro-Vascular Composites For Forming The Materials
A self-healing composite system includes a solid polymeric matrix and a woven structure in the matrix. The woven structure includes a plurality of fibers, and a first plurality of microfluidic channels. The microfluidic channels include a first healing agent in the channels. The woven structure also may include a second plurality of microfluidic channels that include a second healing agent in the channels.
1 . A self-healing composite system, comprising:
a solid polymeric matrix;
a woven structure in the matrix, the woven structure comprising
a plurality of fibers, and
a first plurality of microfluidic channels;
where the microfluidic channels comprise a first healing agent in the channels.
2 . The self-healing composite system of claim 1 , where
the woven structure further comprises a second plurality of microfluidic channels, and
the second plurality of microfluidic channels comprise a second healing agent in the channels.
3 . The self-healing composite system of claim 2 , where the first healing agent comprises a first part of a two-part polymerizer, and the second healing agent comprises a second part of the two-part polymerizer.
4 . The self-healing composite system of claim 2 , where the first healing agent comprises a polymerizer, and the second healing agent comprises a corresponding activator for the polymerizer.
5 . The self-healing composite system of claim 1 , where the first healing agent comprises a solvent.
6 . The self-healing composite system of claim 1 , where the woven structure comprises warp threads and weft threads in a 2D woven structure, and
at least a portion of the microfluidic channels are present as warp threads, as weft threads, or as threads stitched through the 2D woven structure.
7 . The self-healing composite system of claim 1 , where the woven structure comprises warp threads, weft threads and Z-threads in a 3D woven structure, and
at least a portion of the microfluidic channels are present as warp threads, as weft threads, as Z-threads, or as threads stitched through the 3D woven structure.
8 . The self-healing composite system of claim 1 , where the microfluidic channels have an average diameter of from 20 to 500 micrometers.
9 . The self-healing composite system of claim 1 , where the fibers are selected from the group consisting of graphite fibers, ceramic fibers, metal fibers, and polymer fibers; and
the solid polymer matrix comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyamide, a polyester, a polycarbonate, a polyether, an epoxy polymer, an epoxy vinyl ester polymer, a polyimide, an amine-formaldehyde polymer, a polysulfone, a poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene), a polyurethane, a polyolefin, a polyacrylate, a poly(alkylacrylate), a polysilane, a polyphosphazene, and an elastomer.
10 . The self-healing composite system of claim 9 , where the fibers are selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers and glass fibers.
11 . A self-healing composite system, comprising:
a solid epoxy matrix;
a woven structure in the matrix, the woven structure comprising
a plurality of fibers,
a first plurality of microfluidic channels having an average diameter of from 20 to 500 micrometers, and
a second plurality of microfluidic channels having an average diameter of from 20 to 500 micrometers;
where the first plurality of microfluidic channels comprises a first part of an epoxy polymerizer in the channels, and
the second plurality of microfluidic channels comprises a second part of the epoxy polymerizer in the channels.
12 . A method of making a self-healing composite system, comprising:
forming a composite comprising
a solid polymeric matrix, and
a plurality of sacrificial fibers in the matrix;
heating the composite to a temperature of from 100 to 250° C.;
maintaining the composite at a temperature of from 100 to 250° C. for a time sufficient to form degradants from the sacrificial fibers,
the degradants having an average molecular weight less than 500 Daltons;
removing the degradants from the composite to provide a network of microfluidic channels; and
introducing a healing agent into the network of microfluidic channels.
13 . The method of claim 12 , where the composite further comprises a woven structure in the matrix,
the woven structure comprising the sacrificial fibers and further comprising a plurality of fibers.
14 . The method of claim 12 , where the network of microfluidic channels includes a first plurality of microfluidic channels and a second plurality of microfluidic channels, and
where the introducing a healing agent comprises introducing a first healing agent into the first plurality of microfluidic channels, and introducing a second healing agent into the second plurality of microfluidic channels.
15 . The method of claim 14 , where the first healing agent comprises a first part of a two-part polymerizer, and the second healing agent comprises a second part of the two-part polymerizer.
16 . The method of claim 14 , where the first healing agent comprises a polymerizer, and the second healing agent comprises a corresponding activator for the polymerizer.
17 . The method of claim 12 , where the healing agent comprises a solvent.
18 . The method of claim 12 , where the woven structure comprises warp threads and weft threads in a 2D woven structure, and
at least a portion of the microfluidic channels are present as warp threads, as weft threads, or as threads stitched through the 2D woven structure.
19 . The method of claim 12 , where the woven structure comprises warp threads, weft threads and Z-threads in a 3D woven structure, and
at least a portion of the microfluidic channels are present as warp threads, as weft threads, as Z-threads, or as threads stitched through the 3D woven structure.