Rechargeable, thin-film, all solid-state metal-air battery
This disclosure describes metal-air battery devices that are rechargeable, thin film, and all solid-state. The disclosure further describes methods of manufacturing rechargeable, thin film, all solid-state, metal-air batteries. The devices disclosed include a porous cathode structure with an electrolyte incorporated therein. The porous cathode structure may be designed to contain pores of at least two distinct sizes (i.e., having bimodal pore size distribution), a smaller one to increase the active surface area of the cathode and a larger to facilitate the transport of gas-phase oxygen through the cathode. The methods disclosed include using pulsed microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (p-μPECVD) to dynamically grow an electrolyte layer on the surface of the carbon within, or a desired portion of, the cathode structure.
1. A lithium-air battery comprising:
a lithium source layer:
a UPON layer in contact with the lithium source layer;
a gas porous composite cathode of a bimodal porous carbon layer deposited onto a support structure, the gas porous composite cathode having a first portion and a second portion; wherein a layer of solid electrolyte with lithium ion conductivity has been deposited within the bimodal porous carbon layer in the first portion and a thicker layer of solid electrolyte has been deposited on the second portion and the second portion in contact with the layer of LiPON; and
a gas diffusion layer comprising a porous conductive material in contact with the first portion of the gas porous composite cathode.
2. The lithium-air battery of claim 1 further comprising:
a cathode current collector connected to the gas diffusion layer, and
an anode current collector connected to the lithium source layer.
3. The lithium-air battery of claim 1 wherein the bimodal porous carbon layer is characterized by a pore distribution having two highest modes, wherein the two highest modes include a first peak in a first distribution having a first range of 2-50 nm and a second peak in a second distribution having a second range of 0.05 and 10 microns.
4. The lithium-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the thicker layer of solid electrolyte layer comprises at least one of ceramic, glass, polymer, polymer-ceramic composite, glass-ceramic composite, LAGP, LATP, LLT, and YSZ.
5. The lithium-air battery of claim 4 , wherein the thicker layer of solid electrolyte is 1 to 20 microns thick.
6. The lithium-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte with lithium ion conductivity deposited within the first portion of the gas porous composite cathode comprises at least one of ceramic, glass, polymer, polymer-ceramic composite, glass-ceramic composite, LAGP, LATP, LLT, and YSZ.
7. The lithium-air battery of claim 6 , wherein the solid electrolyte with lithium ion conductivity deposited within the first portion of the gas porous composite cathode forms an electrolyte layer 100 nm to 10 micron.
8. The lithium-air air battery of claim 1 , wherein the gas porous composite cathode layer comprises at least one of carbon, nickel foam, metal foam, aluminum mesh, metal mesh, YSZ, and LSM.
9. The lithium-air battery of claim 8 , wherein the gas porous composite cathode comprises pores 2 to 30 nm in diameter.
10. The lithium-air battery of claim 9 , wherein the gas porous composite cathode further comprises pores 100 nm to 1 micron in diameter.
11. The lithium-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the support structure comprises at least one of carbon, nickel foam, metal foam, aluminum mesh, metal mesh, YSZ, and LSM.