Fuel Cell System Having a Pump and Related Method
A portable fuel cell system and related method are disclosed. The system includes a fuel cell having an anode port through which passes an anode gas, a cathode port through which passes a cathode gas, and an exhaust port through which passes an exhaust gas. The system further includes a pump having a pump inlet and a pump outlet, wherein the pump inlet is coupled to the exhaust port of the fuel cell. The pump is configured to draw the anode gas into the anode port, to draw the cathode gas into the cathode port, and to draw the exhaust gas out of the exhaust port.
1 . A portable fuel cell system comprising:
a fuel cell comprising an anode port through which passes an anode gas, a cathode port through which passes a cathode gas, and an exhaust port through which passes an exhaust gas; and
a pump, having a pump inlet and a pump outlet, wherein the pump inlet is coupled to the exhaust port, and configured to draw the anode gas into the anode port, to draw the cathode gas into the cathode port, and to draw the exhaust gas out of the exhaust port.
2 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 1 , the system further comprising a flow restriction in a flow path into the anode port or into the cathode port, or both, so as to modify a ratio of anode gas flow to cathode gas flow.
3 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 2 , wherein the anode gas comprises at least a fuel containing carbon and an oxidant containing oxygen, wherein the flow restriction is configured to provide a ratiometric mixture of fuel and oxidant such that for each carbon atom in the fuel there is supplied a number of oxygen atoms in the oxidant in a ratio, and the ratio is within the range between 0.5 and 2 oxygen atoms per carbon atom.
4 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 2 , wherein the anode gas comprises at least a fuel containing carbon and an oxidant containing oxygen, wherein the flow restriction is configured to provide a ratiometric mixture of fuel and oxidant such that for each carbon atom in the fuel there is supplied a number of oxygen atoms in the oxidant in a ratio, and the ratio is within the range between 1 and 2 oxygen atoms per carbon atom.
5 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 2 , wherein the anode gas comprises at least a fuel containing carbon and an oxidant containing oxygen, wherein the flow restriction is configured to provide a ratiometric mixture of fuel and oxidant such that for each carbon atom in the fuel there is supplied a number of oxygen atoms in the oxidant in a ratio, and the ratio is within the rangeless than 2 and greater than 1.025, 1.251 and 1.645 oxygen atoms per carbon atom at 850° C., 720° C., and 650° C., respectively.
6 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 2 , wherein the flow restriction is selected from the group consisting of a fixed orifice, a manually adjustable valve, an electrically adjustable valve, and combinations thereof.
7 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 1 , wherein the pump is configured to draw the anode gas into the anode port along an anode gas flow path, the cathode port is coupled to ambient environment, and the anode gas flow path is coupled to at least a fuel source and the ambient environment.
8 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 1 , wherein the pump is configured to draw the anode gas into the anode port along an anode gas flow path, and the pump outlet is coupled to an exit path and a recirculation path, the recirculation path further coupled to the anode gas flow path such that a portion of the anode gas comprises a portion of the exhaust gas supplied via the recirculation path.
9 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 8 , the system further comprising a flow restriction in the anode gas flow path into the anode port, in a flow path into the cathode port, or both, so as to modify a ratio of anode gas flow to cathode gas flow.
10 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 8 , the system further comprising a flow restriction in the exit path, so as to modify a ratio of recirculation gas flow to cathode gas flow.
11 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 10 , wherein the anode gas comprises at least a fuel containing carbon and an oxidant containing oxygen, the flow restriction is configured to provide a ratiometric mixture of fuel and oxidant such that for each carbon atom in the fuel there is supplied a number of oxygen atoms in the oxidant in a ratio, and the ratio is within the range between 0.5 and 2 oxygen atoms per carbon atom.
12 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 9 , wherein the anode gas comprises at least a fuel containing carbon and an oxidant containing oxygen, the flow restriction is configured to provide a ratiometric mixture of fuel and oxidant such that for each carbon atom in the fuel there is supplied a number of oxygen atoms in the oxidant in a ratio, and the ratio is within the range between 0.5 and 2 oxygen atoms per carbon atom.
13 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 1 , the system further comprising a thermally coupling member in thermal communication with the pump and in thermal communication with the fuel cell.
14 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 13 , wherein the thermally coupling member is selected from the group consisting of a metal strip, a heat pipe, thermal grease, forced hot air, physical contact, and combinations thereof.
15 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 13 , wherein the thermally coupling member provides sufficient heat from the fuel cell to the pump to inhibit condensation of water in the pump.
16 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one flow sensor located in a flow path into the anode port or into the cathode port, or both, said flow sensor configured to measure a gas flow, and further comprising a control system in electrical communication with the flow sensor and the pump, said control system configured to modulate the pump in response to measured gas flow.
17 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one check valve in a flow path into the pump inlet or pump outlet, configured such that the majority of gas passing therethrough is in one direction of flow.
18 . A portable fuel cell system according to claim 1 , wherein said fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell.
19 . A method for operating a fuel cell system, said method comprising:
providing a fuel cell with an anode port, a cathode port and an exhaust port, and a pump with a pump inlet and a pump outlet, the pump inlet coupled to the exhaust port; and
operating the pump to create a reduced pressure at the exhaust port, thereby drawing the exhaust gas out of the exhaust port, the anode gas into the anode port, and the cathode gas into the cathode port.
20 . A method for operating a fuel cell system according to claim 19 , the method further comprising providing a flow restriction in a flow path into the anode port or into the cathode port, or both, so as to modify a ratio of anode gas flow to cathode gas flow.
21 . A method for operating a fuel cell system according to claim 20 , wherein the flow restriction is selected from the group consisting of a fixed orifice, a manually adjustable valve, an electrically adjustable valve, and combinations thereof.
22 . A method for operating a fuel cell system according to claim 19 , wherein drawing the anode gas into the anode port is accomplished along an anode gas flow path, the method further comprising coupling the pump outlet to an exit path and a recirculation path, and additionally coupling the recirculation path to the anode gas flow path such that a portion of the anode gas comprises a portion of the exhaust gas supplied via the recirculation path.
23 . A method for operating a fuel cell system according to claim 19 , the method further comprising providing a thermally coupling member in thermal communication with the pump and in thermal communication with the fuel cell.
24 . A method for operating a fuel cell system according to claim 23 , wherein the thermally coupling member is selected from the group consisting of a metal strip, a heat pipe, thermal grease, physical contact, and combinations thereof.
25 . A method for operating a fuel cell system according to claim 23 , the method further comprising providing sufficient heat from the fuel cell to the pump to inhibit condensation of water in the pump.
26 . A method for operating a fuel cell system according to claim 19 , the method further comprising:
providing at least one flow sensor located in a flow path into the anode port or into the cathode port, or both, said flow sensor configured to measure a gas flow;
providing a control system in electrical communication with the flow sensor and the pump; and
modulating the pump in response to measured gas flow.
27 . A method for operating a fuel cell system according to claim 19 , wherein said fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell.