Robust carbon monolith having hierarchical porosity
A carbon monolith includes a robust carbon monolith characterized by a skeleton size of at least 100 nm, and a hierarchical pore structure having macropores and mesopores.
1. A method of preparing a monolithic chromatography column comprising the steps of:
providing a carbon monolith precursor having a particulate, porosity-generating fugitive phase dispersed therein, said precursor comprising at least one carbonizable polymer, and said fugitive phase comprising mesoparticles and macroparticles;
heating said carbon monolith precursor to carbonize said carbon monolith precursor and form a porous carbon monolith and to remove said fugitive phase therefrom via thermal decomposition and/or volatilization and leave the porous carbon monolith with a hierarchical pore structure of macropores having a size ranging from 0.05 μm to 100 μm and mesopores having a size ranging from 18 Åto 50 nm; and
encapsulating said porous carbon monolith within a cladding material conforming to the shape of said porous carbon monolith to form a chromatographic column.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said heating step further comprises graphitizing said porous carbon monolith.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said porosity-generating fugitive phase further comprises a material that is thermally removable at a temperature that does not decompose said porous carbon monolith.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said porosity-generating fugitive phase further comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of surfactants and low-charring polymers.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1 further comprising, after said removing, an additional step of graphitizing said porous carbon monolith.
6. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said porous carbon monolith is characterized by a skeleton size of 100 nm to 20 μm.
7. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said porous carbon monolith is characterized by a skeleton size of 200 nm to 10 μm.
8. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said porous carbon monolith is characterized by a skeleton size of 400 nm to 1 μm.
9. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said macropores have a size ranging from 0.1 μm to 50 μm.
10. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said macropores have a size ranging from 0.8 μm to 10 μm.
11. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said mesopores have a size ranging from 5 nm to 30 nm.
12. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said mesopores have a size ranging from 0.5 nm to 40 nm.