Graphene hybrid structures for energy storage applications
Aspects of the invention are directed to a method for forming a hybrid structure. Initially, a wire is received and an encapsulating film is deposited on the wire. Subsequently, the wire is selectively removed to leave a hollow tube formed of the encapsulating film. A plurality of active particles are then placed into the hollow tube by immersing the hollow tube in a suspension comprising the plurality of active particles and a liquid. Lastly, the hollow tube and the plurality of active particles therein are removed from the suspension and allowed to dry so as to form a cluster of active particles at least partially encapsulated by the encapsulating film.
1. A method comprising the steps of:
receiving a wire;
depositing an encapsulating film on the wire;
selectively removing the wire to leave a hollow tube formed of the encapsulating film;
placing a plurality of active particles into the hollow tube by immersing the hollow tube in a suspension comprising the plurality of active particles and a liquid;
removing the hollow tube and the plurality of active particles therein from the suspension; and
allowing the hollow tube and the plurality of active particles therein to dry so as to form a cluster of active particles at least partially encapsulated by the encapsulating film.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wire comprises at least one of copper and nickel.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulating film substantially consists of a single layer of graphene.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulating film comprises multiple layers of graphene.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the depositing step comprises chemical vapor deposition.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the chemical vapor deposition utilizes hydrogen and methane.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of selectively removing the wire comprises depositing and stripping a thermoplastic material.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of selectively removing the wire comprises wet chemical etching.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of active particles comprise at least one of a metal, a metalloid, a transition metal oxide, a lithium metal phosphate, a lithium metal oxide, and a conductive polymer.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid comprises water.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of removing the hollow tube and the plurality of active particles therein from the suspension comprises at least one of centrifugation and filtering.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of installing the cluster of active particles at least partially encapsulated by the encapsulating film into an energy storage device.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the energy storage device comprises a battery or a supercapacitor.