Cladding of alloys using flux and metal powder cored feed material
A metal cladding process utilizing a feed material ( 66 ) formed as a hollow sheath ( 68 ) containing a powdered core ( 70 ) including powdered metal and powdered flux material. The powdered metal and flux may have overlapping mesh size ranges. The sheath may be an extrudable subset of elements of a desired superalloy cladding material, with the powdered metal and powdered flux materials complementing the sheath to form the desired superalloy material when melted. The powdered metal may include an excess of titanium to compensate for a reaction of titanium with oxygen or carbon dioxide in a shielding gas. Heat for melting may be provided by an energy beam ( 64 ) or by utilizing the feed material as an electrode in a cold metal arc welding torch ( 54 ).
1. A method comprising:
providing a feed material comprising a sheath consisting essentially of pure nickel containing a powdered core material, the powdered core material comprising powdered metal material and powdered flux material;
melting the feed material onto a substrate to form a melt pool;
allowing the melt pool to cool to form a layer of clad material of a desired composition covered by a layer of slag; further comprising:
selecting the powdered metal and powdered flux materials to comprise elements that complement the sheath to form the clad material as a desired superalloy material when melted onto the substrate; and
selecting the sheath and powdered core materials such that the clad material desired composition is a superalloy composition that lies beyond a zone of weldability when displayed on a graph of superalloys plotting titanium content verses aluminum content, wherein the zone of weldability is upper bounded by a line intersecting the titanium content axis at 6 wt. % and intersecting the aluminum content axis at 3 wt. %.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
selecting the desired composition of clad material to include titanium;
providing a shielding gas comprising carbon dioxide or oxygen during the step of melting; and
providing the powdered core material to comprise titanium to compensate for a loss of titanium due to reaction with the oxygen or carbon dioxide and subsequent vaporization during the melting step.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the feed material with laser energy during the step of melting.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the feed material with an electrical current during the step of melting.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising pre-heating the feed material with an electrical current, then melting the pre-heated feed material with laser energy during the step of melting.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing the powdered metal material and the powdered flux material to have an overlapping mesh size range.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing the powdered metal material and the powdered flux material to have the same mesh size range.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising supplying a supplemental powdered metal material to the melt pool during the step of melting.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising processing the powdered flux material to comprise at least one of the group of chrome oxides, nickel oxides, titanium oxides, and titanium carbides.