Method of making superhydrophobic/superoleophilic paints, epoxies, and composites

1. A bulk superhydrophobic coating composition comprising:

a coating material selected from the group consisting of a paint, an epoxy, and combinations thereof; and

a plurality of particles, each comprising:

a porous particle,

having a particle size ranging from at least 100 nm to about 10 μm, and

having a plurality of spaced apart nanostructured features comprising a contiguous, protrusive material, and

a hydrophobic coating layer deposited on the porous particle,

the plurality of particles comprising:

a first subset of particles disposed only partially within the coating material, and

a second subset of particles disposed entirely within the coating material,

wherein the first subset of particles comprises a first pinned composition pinned within the plurality of spaced apart nanostructured features of each porous particle of the first subset of particles,

wherein the first pinned composition is selected from the group consisting of a first oil, and a combination of the first oil and a first volatile component,

wherein the first volatile component is volatile at room temperature,

wherein the spaced apart nanostructured features of the first subset of particles extend beyond the first pinned composition,

wherein a first portion of the spaced apart nanostructured features of the first subset of particles that extend beyond the first pinned composition are secured to the coating material, and

wherein a second portion of the spaced apart nanostructured features of the first subset of particles that extend beyond the first pinned composition extend beyond a surface of the coating material,

wherein the second subset of particles comprises a second pinned composition pinned within the plurality of spaced apart nanostructured features of each porous particle of the second subset of particles,

wherein the second pinned composition comprises:

a second oil, and

a second volatile component,

wherein the second volatile component is volatile at room temperature, and

wherein the spaced apart nanostructured features of the second subset of particles extend beyond the second pinned composition.

2. The bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 1 , wherein said porous particles further comprise an etching residue disposed on said contiguous, protrusive material, said etching residue from a recessive contiguous material interpenetrating with said protruding material.

3. The bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 2 , wherein at least one of said protruding material and said etching residue comprises a glass.

4. The bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrophobic coating layer comprises a perfluorinated organic material.

5. The bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrophobic coating layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer.

6. The bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 5 , wherein said pinned composition does not evaporate at ambient environmental conditions.

7. The bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 1 , wherein said porous particles comprise porous diatomaceous earth particles.

8. The bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 1 , wherein said oil comprises a non-nutritional oil.

9. The bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 1 , wherein said oil comprises an oil selected from the group consisting of non-volatile linear and branched alkanes, alkenes and alkynes; esters of linear and branched alkanes, alkenes and alkynes; polysiloxanes, and combinations thereof.

10. The bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 1 , wherein said pinned composition evaporates at ambient environmental conditions.

11. The bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 1 , wherein the first volatile component is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, and combinations thereof, and wherein the second volatile component is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, and combinations thereof.

12. The bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 1 , wherein the first volatile component is selected from the group consisting of an alkane, an alkene, an alkyne, and combinations thereof, and

wherein the second volatile component is selected from the group consisting of an alkane, an alkene, an alkyne, and combinations thereof.

13. The bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 1 , wherein the first volatile component is selected from the group consisting of acetone, hexane, heptane, octane, and combinations thereof, and

wherein the second volatile component is selected from the group consisting of acetone, hexane, heptane, octane, and combinations thereof.

14. The bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 1 , wherein the coating material is the paint.

15. An article comprising a surface coated with the bulk superhydrophobic coating composition according to claim 1 , the article having an initial condition and an abraded condition, wherein the second subset of particles are embedded in the initial condition and exposed in the abraded condition, and wherein the surface is superhydrophobic in the initial condition and in the abraded condition.