Compounds and uses thereof for treating inflammation and modulating immune responses
The present invention provides compounds, and compositions comprising these compounds, which have immunomodulatory activity and/or anti-inflammatory activity.
1. A compound having the following formula:
wherein
R 1 is alkyl;
R 2 is alkyl;
R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are independently —H, acyl, halo, haloalkyl, amino, alkylamino, hydroxyl, alkyl, hydroxylalkyl, or —COOH;
R 6 is —O or —NH;
R 7 is —H, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxylalkyl, hydroxyl, or halo;
R 8 , R 9 , and R 12 are independently —H, acyl, halo, amino, alkylamino, hydroxyl, alkyl, hydroxylalkyl, or —COOH;
R 10 is H or alkyl; and
R 11 is H.
2. The compound, according to claim 1 , wherein R 3 is H, and R 4 is H.
3. The compound, according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a methyl group.
4. The compound, according to claim 1 , wherein the compound modulates immune activity in a mammal.
5. The compound, according to claim 1 , wherein the compound has inflammatory activity.
6. The compound, according to claim 1 , wherein the compound inhibits induction of TNF-α.
7. The compound, according to claim 6 , wherein the compound inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α production by at least 50%.
8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-inflammatory compound of claim 1
wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier.
9. The composition, according to claim 8 , wherein the anti-inflammatory compound is a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
10. The composition, according to claim 9 , wherein the NSAID is selected from the group consisting of: aspirin, ibuprofen, and indomethacin.